Marketing Plan For Top Take Away Restaurant - 1716 Words

Identify and evaluate marketing opportunities Part 1: Research and identify possible marketing opportunities: Introduction: The company that I have initiated for my business has named as TOP Take Away Restaurant. The restaurant located in Chadstone Shopping Centre. It is the very strategic and overwhelming location the Chadstone Shopping Centre has been newly renovated with wide range of facilities. Also, it is the biggest shopping hub in Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, I have chosen this location to operate my restaurant. As of now, I have hired one manager, 3 front staff, 3 kitchen staff as my total labor force. The restaurant has been newly renovated, mainly the front part to have a presentable and welcoming appearance for my†¦show more content†¦TOP Take Away Restaurant’s competitors: As we are the sole Indian food provider in Chadstone Shopping Centre, there are no direct competitors to our business. However, when it comes to the Malaysian Food, there are some restaurant which providing moreless same dishes as us which bring a insignificant competition with our business.. Other relevant factors: As TOP Take Away Restaurant’s in the midst of discussion with some financial institution to get monetary fund to invest in certain factors to develop the our business to be more success. Three potential marketing opportunities: ï‚ § intermediaries ï‚ § Licensing ï‚ § online business opportunities Assess marketing opportunities: Marketing opportunities Marketing opportunities 1: Online business opportunities Marketing opportunities 2: Intermediaries Marketing opportunities 3: Licensing Impact on sales The presence of Internet has make things changed drastically. There are many ways which we can embrace the â€Å"Online† aid to introduce our products on internet. This is the fastest way to promote the food and service on the website or blogs such as Pinterest, Foursquare which are frequently accessed by patrons to explore the best foods available around them. The sales have high chance to up at least by 20% to 30%. The intermediaries has significant role in promoting foods. Most of the food intermediaries or agents possess goodShow MoreRelatedImplement And Monitor Marketing Activities. Assessment1334 Words   |  6 PagesImplement and monitor marketing activities Assessment Task 2: Project – Plan promotional activities Summarized marketing plan for TOP Restaurant company: The Executive Summary The TOP Restaurant (TOP) is a family start-up business that specializes in providing Asian cuisine foods based in Chadstone, Vic Australia. The TOP is intended to penetrate in to new markets in both locally and internationally. The TOP Company’s mission is to be a market leader by introducing authentic Asian cuisine worldwideRead MoreRed Lobster Analysis Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesclientele. We will go into further detail momentarily; however, the reason for focusing on the experiential customer group is that Red Lobster has the opportunity to increase revenue and net operating income at each restaurant by 20% or more. Granted, these are enormous gains and it will take a few years to realize their full potential, but for the reasons laid out below, we believe these gains are a realistic possibility. Red Lobster’s positioning has changed significantly over time. Before Kim LopdrupRead MoreWhat Is Hosting A Dublin 24 Takeaway Website For Food Delivery Services1034 Words   |  5 Pagesrate and becoming digitized. Web hosting makes it easy for delivering food in Dublin 24 hours operators to effectively compete with their fellow competitors. Benefits of web hosting Here are few reasons why this marketing platform has gained widespread among Dublin’s takeaway restaurant operators: Reliable There are many website hosts in Ireland to choose from. This statement has encourages people to check out web hosting. In addition to this, service providers charge different services for theirRead MoreA.Global Expansion. As Of March 1, 2017, Mcdonald’S Has1349 Words   |  6 Pagesunveiled future plans to unlock unlimited growth potential and increase the number of customers. The focus of the growth plan will elevate the customer’s experience by digital enhancement. Shareholders can also expect a new 3-year target for return on investment, and new financial targets in earnings per share. McDonald’s CEO is optimistic that eventually McDonald’s will be reasserted as the global leader of dining. In efforts to capitalize on attracting more customers, McDonald’s has plans to retainRead MoreMarketing Strategy : Flavors Of India Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Marketing strategy plays a very vital role in any pre-set up of an enterprise especially if it directly deals with consumers. FOI, Flavours of India, an Indian Restaurant is about to take it roots in Invercargill, New Zealand by the year 2015 (August). This research will help in understanding the marketing for FOI which will include its objectives, target market, business environment and marketing strategy. Flavours of India will be an Indian Cuisine restaurant that will specializeRead MoreMcdonald s Brand Image And Marketing Tactics967 Words   |  4 Pagesto stay at the top shows that people are, well, really loving it. However, recent research shows that over the past year the population is not loving it quite as much. In fact, for the first time in it’s history, McDonald’s has posted a decrease in sales for twelve months in a row. With social movements towards healthy and fresh food trends, McDonald’s has been pinned as the posterchild for unhealthy and processed cuisine. While they still top the world’s leaderboard of restaurant sales, this steadyRead More SWAT analysis for Victoria Station Restaurants Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesuniqueness- Concept based restaurants’ rely on dà ©cor and novelty themes, which are appealing enough to the customers to draw in business. For example: Hard Rock Cafà ©, Applebee’s, Rolling Rock Cafà ©, o r Outback Steakhouse. The Victoria Station utilized the English depot paraphernalia to support the theme; gas lights, a red English telephone booth, and a London taxi. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Quality control- The beef was cut to specifications, used controlled- portion fillets/top sirloin butts, and aRead MoreBusiness Proposal : Business Plan1462 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Proposal 1. Executive summary The company will be incorporated in September 2015. We want to establish a canteen that is located at 19 Kitchener Drive in Darwin city. This is a middle-sized restaurant that serves and provides healthy contemporary style food. The location will be just outside the Charles Darwin University Business School and close to a dense population of Waterfront Precinct. The CDU Waterfront Campus was opened at the beginning of 2015 and there is an estimated student populationRead MoreSeving in Florida by Barbara Enhrenreich900 Words   |  4 Pagesworking in the restaurant. The first one is the management and the second issue is the amount of money she makes. The management is views as the enemy to the employees; making new rules for the staff and the endless accusations about the employees behaviors. The salary for restaurant employees makes it hard to secure housing, prescription drugs, and any unexpected expense. â€Å"Serving in Florida† written by Barbara Ehrenreich is a reflecte d recap of her time working in the restaurant industry. ManagementRead MoreIce-Fili Swot Analysis1596 Words   |  7 Pagesdistributing through franchised restaurants and cafà © networks. Ice-Fili currently differentiates itself by offering the largest variety of ice cream products. It also differentiates by producing its ice cream using all-natural products. Ice-Fili plans to continue to differentiate itself through its large variety and all-natural products, but, if it chooses, can also differentiate itself by advertising its high quality and great taste and the fact that it is a Russian company. Plan A Ice-Fili has a decided

Doing The Best I Can Book Review - 2227 Words

Jeff Post Sociology 101 Section 001 Doing the Best I Can Book Review The book is about how unwed fathers are seen as a leading social problem, but goes on to explain the flaws that occur after pregnancy that lead to the end of the couple’s romance. The book looks at the bond between the father and child rather than that between the parents. The book also goes through how changes economically and culturally for the urban poor as well as the obstacles they must overcome has changed fatherhood. The introduction begins with quotes from people who mention that fathers get women pregnant and then leave the woman and the child; they mention that men need to realize their responsibilities do not end with conception. The book summarizes these quotes as unwed fatherhood is one of the leading social problems, and these men are irresponsible and â€Å"hit and run.† A CBS special report, The Vanishing Family, was an interview of McSeed, a father of six from four different women. In the interview, he says the responsibility of raising the child is on the mother, not him. About four in every ten children born in America in 2008 were born outside of marriage, and they are disproportionately minority and poor. â€Å"Only about 6 percent of college-educated mothers’ births are nonmarital versus 60 percent of those of high school dropouts† (5). Scholars responded to this by studying single-parent families. The authors of the book went beyond the stereotypes to document the experiences of â€Å"110Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Mountain Post Historical Post Association721 Words   |  3 Pages In this paper I am going to discuss the non-profit organization The Mountain Post Historical Post Association (MPHA) and compare their reports to the one’s from my text book; Alliance for Nonprofit Management in Exhibit 7.12. I will identify which reports are in use and compare them to what is listed in the text book. I will also explain how effective these reports are for the organization. Let’s start by reviewing the monthly reports that the MPHA board has during the board meetings. Once a monthRead MoreWhat Are Qualities Of A Good Person?948 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of Text Set The following books is a collection intended for a kindergarten through first grade setting. The collection includes problems that each main character needs to resolve through their good qualities. For this text set my question I would like to include in my class room is; â€Å"What are qualities of a good person?† I believe that this set of books will help students gain qualities to better themselves. This text set will allow young students to see positive role models and whatRead MoreTruman Capote is Famous for His Novels, Stories and Screenplays816 Words   |  3 Pagesjob writing in the New Yorker magazine. In his lifetime he wrote many great books including In Cold Blood, Other Voices, A Christmas Memory, The Thanksgiving Visitor, many more wonderful stories. In Cold Blood was published September twenty fifth in 1965. Truman Capote received much help in his four years of writing In Cold Blood from Harper Lee who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird. He was very famous and was seen at the best parties and clubs. There is even a movie of the story In Cold Blood made DecemberRead MoreThe Autobiography By Frederick Douglass1632 Words   |  7 Pagesincredible tell perseverance to be with his love that is free in the north and to help others that have been in captivity. Before the book starts he gives a pretty face by William Lloyd Garrison and a letter from Wend ale Phillips. He s done this because he wants people to know that he is a runaway slave that is smart and able to write in his book is his own book. And the pre-face when Lloyd Garrison describe his first encounter with Fredrick Douglas at and it is labor convention in and TackettRead MoreFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He700 Words   |  3 PagesFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He Accused ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris; Breaking In ‘The Burglary,’ by Betty Medsger. For the book review Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley the reviewer seem to have thought fondly of this book while writing majority positive things about this novel. The review He Accused which went over the novel Ã¢â‚¬Ë œAn Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris seemed to be majority mixed to the pointRead MoreThe Groundswell By Charlene Li And Josh Bernoff898 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Groundswell† book by Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff is an excellent novel that brings upon on the struggle to connect the power of social technologies. Li is an independent thought individual who is one of the leading voices of the business use of social media technologies and she is the founder of Altimeter Group Bernoff is the vice president at Forrester Research. The context of this book gives reader a comprehensive idea of how our world is being converted by social technologies and how we can take advantageRead MoreHow to Compete on Analytics Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesBy  Alison  Bolen  Ã‚      Thomas  Davenports  article  Competing  on  Analytics  was  the  best†selling  Harvard   Business  Review  reprint  in  2006.  To  write  it,  Davenport,T he  Presidents  Distinguished   Professor  in  Management  and  Information  Technology  at  Babson  College,  studied  the   characteristics  of  more  than  50  leading  organizations  that  have  made  a  commitment  to   quantitative,  fact†based  analysis.      Why  is  the  January  2006  Harvard  Business  Review  article  so  popular?  We  recently  asked   the  author  and  educator  that  Read MoreEssay on Defence of Duffers Drift Book Report903 Words   |  4 PagesDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY B COMPANY, 442nd SIGNAL BATTALION FORT GORDON, GEORGIA 30905 ATZH-LCB-B 17 Feb 12 MEMORANDUM FOR TECHNICAL DIRECTOR, WOBC SUBJECT: Book Review on The Defence of Duffers Drift by Ernest Swinton 1. The Defence of Duffers Drift was written by British Major General Ernest Swinton. Swinton’s main focus was to portray a series of events or battles he commanded during the South African War, occurring from 1899-1902. As a brandRead MoreHow This Critter Crits Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesI think it was the second day after posting How This Critter Crits I received a particularly glowing response. I had already answered probably twenty of them—mostly favorable ones, with a few being, well, less than sterling. Anyway, I scrolled down her crit to the response box, and after thanking her for her kindness, I told her how—owing to what she and others had voiced—I literally quaked in my figurative boots. I told her Im like the rookie ball player who listens to, and then internalizesRead MoreFor This Book Review, I Chose To Read â€Å"The New Teacher1489 Words   |  6 PagesFor this book review, I chose to read â€Å"The New Teacher Book,† which was edited by Terry Burant, Linda Christensen, Kelley Dawson Salas, and Stephanie Walters. When I was searching for a book to complete this book review, I was looking for something that was geared towards someone like myself who is new to teaching in the educational spectrum. I wanted a book that was going to share background information and knowledge that other new teachers had felt when they first stepped into their own classroom

Internet Scavenger Hunt free essay sample

Level Material Appendix B Internet Scavenger Hunt Search Statement: I am interested in upgrading the RAM in my computer with the use of new RAM modules. Search Keywords: ram module upgrade Search Engines Name and hyperlink to search engine 1: http://www. google. com/ †¢ Number of results: 11 †¢ First Web link http://www. pcworld. com/article/18024/upgrade_guide. html †¢ Second Web link http://www. crucial. com/install/sodimm. aspx †¢ Third Web link http://www.nap. com/pro_RAM. asp †¢ Boolean used, such as and, or, or not: memory upgrade and RAM modules †¢ Number of results for Boolean search: 11 Name and hyperlink to search engine 2: http://www. yahoo. com/ †¢ Number of results: 12 †¢ First Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/memory-modules/ †¢ Second Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/ram-memory-module/ †¢ Third Web link http://www. speicherbauer. com/ Boolean used, such as and, or, or not: memory upgrade and RAM modules †¢ Number of results for Boolean search: 11 Name and hyperlink to search engine 3: http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Scavenger Hunt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page lycos. com/ †¢ Number of results: 10 †¢ First Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/memory-modules/ †¢ Second Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/ram-memory-module

The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur Essay Example For Students

The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur Essay The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D ArthurThe Chivalric Code of Le Morte d’ArthurThroughout the tales of King Arthur, stories of brave knights and noble lordscaptivated the society of the European Middle Ages. These stories gave a criterion forpeople to base there values and way of life on. During the 1400’s knighthood was comingto an end. Sir Thomas Malory wanted to recapture the lose of chivalry with his tale â€Å"LeMorte d’Arthur†. He wished to inspire people to return to the basic ideals of the chivalriccode. Le Morte d’Arthur presents the importance of possessing the characteristics ofhonor, loyalty, and courage. The most important aspect of the chivalric code is honor. Without honor a man isbelieved to be less of a person during the Middle Ages. If you were to loose your honor,then somehow you, or someone else, must go to any lengths to regain that honor. In LeMorte d’Arthur, a knight is injured mortally and dies. When the squire of the knightpresents himself before King Arthur he tells Arthur, â€Å"he had been attacked by KingPellinore at the well, and then begged that he should be buried, and that one of Arthur’sknights should avenge his death.†(Malory, p.99) The squire knows that the deceasedknight’s honor must be returned. A young squire named Gryfflette begs Arthur to makehim a knight so he can avenge the fallen knights honor. Gryfflette’s plea to be a knightgoes to show how important it is that a man’s honor be intact no matter what the cost maybe. We will write a custom essay on The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In being a chivalric, along with possessing honor, you must also have large ofamounts of courage and bravery. Arthur knows Gryfflette is not ready to become aknight, yet he still allows him to become one because he knows how important it is toreturn honor to his dead comrade. Gryfflette leaves in search of King Pellinore anddisplays great courage by going and facing a much more seasoned knight such as he. â€Å"SirGryfflette struck the shield a ringing blow, and it fell to the ground.†(p. 99) Gryffletteinsults King Pellinore by pulling such a brave act as to knock the King’s shield from a tree. Gryfflette is aware of how experienced King Pellinore is, yet he is still very confident in hiswords. Sir Gryfflette is very sure of himself and repeats why he is there by confidently saying, â€Å"I come from the court of King Arthur, and still I mean to joust with you.†(p.99) Having a great deal of courage in Le Morte d’Arthur means that you are a strong knightand are worthy of respect and admiration. The more courage that you possess, the morepeople you have who admire you and who will be loyal to you and your cause. Loyalty is a ever-present aspect of chivalry presented in Le Morte d’Arthur. Loyalty is dispersed throughout the hierarchal feudal system. Along with loyalty there is ashared sense of respect for one another. When Arthur leaves to avenge the loss of honorthat Sir Gryfflette endures at the hand of King Pellinore, Merlin says, â€Å"whereas your angerwill certainly not save you from the superior strength of king Pellinore, whom you areabout to challenge.†(p. 100) Merlin realizes that Arthur has no chance of winning againstKing Pellinore, yet he still stays with Arthur because he knows that he must be loyal toArthur even though Arthur might shame himself and Merlin if he looses the battle. Arthurand Merlin return from Arthur’s journey and â€Å"they were questioned eagerly on all that hadhappened; and when the story was told, Arthur’s knights rejoiced in the boldness of theirking.†(p. 102) King Arthur’s knights are extremely loyal to him by prai sing him no matterwhat happens on his journey whether he losses or wins. Loyalty is a very admirablequality and is given much regard in Le Morte d’Arthur The importance of possessing the chivalric characteristics of honor, loyalty, andcourage are presented in Le Morte d’Arthur. Sir Thomas Malory stresses the importanceof chivalric qualities not only as an attempt to regain chilvary in the 1400’s, but also tostress of having those types of qualities that stay the same from generation to generation. In today’s age being loyal to someone is just as important as it was in the Middle Ages. Honor today can be looked at as being proud of something that you have accomplished orthat you have, and courage is always a characteristic that people appreciate and desire nomatter what the time period may be. In writing Le Morte d’Arthur, Sir Thomas Malorynot only wrote a reminder of chivalry for the 1400’s, but he wrote a anthem for theimportance of being c hivalrous for generations to come. .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .postImageUrl , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:hover , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:visited , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:active { border:0!important; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:active , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thomas Jefferson Essay On ArchitectureEnglish Essays

Battle of Antietam - Outcome and Significance

Battle of Antietam - Outcome and Significance Dates: September 16-18, 1862 Other Names: Sharpsburg Location: Sharpsburg, Maryland. Key Individuals Involved in the Battle of Antietam: Union: Major General George B. McClellanConfederate: General Robert E. Lee Outcome: The result of the battle was inconclusive, but the north did win a strategic advantage. 23,100 casualties. Overview of the Battle: On September 16, Major  Gen. George B. McClellan  met General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia in Sharpsburg, Maryland. The next morning at dawn, Union Major General Joseph Hooker led his corps to mount a strong assault on Lees left flank. This began what would be the bloodiest day in all of American military history. Fighting occurred across a cornfield and around the Dunker Church. In addition, Union troops assaulted the Confederates at the Sunken Road, which actually pierced through the Confederate center. However, the Northern troops did not follow through with this advantage. Later, Union General Ambrose Burnsides troops got into the fight, croosing over Antietam Creek and arriving at the Confederate right.     At a crucial moment, Confederate General Ambrose Powell Hill, Jrs  division arrived from  Harpers Ferry  and counterattacked. He was able to drive back Burnside and save the day. Even though he was  outnumbered two-to-one, Lee decided to commit his entire army while Union Major General George B. McClellan sent in fewer than three-quarters of his army, which enabled Lee to fight the Federals to a standstill. Both  armies were able to consolidate their lines during the night. Even though his troops had suffered crippling casualties, Lee decided to continue to skirmish with McClellan throughout the day of the 18th, removing his wounded south at the same time. After dark, Lee ordered the withdrawal of his battered Army of Northern Virginia to across the Potomac into the Shenandoah Valley. Significance of the Battle of Antietam: The Battle of Antietam forced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River. President Abraham Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. Source: CWSAC Battle Summaries

Free sample - Negative Campaign Advertisement. translation missing

Negative Campaign Advertisement. Negative Campaign AdvertisementOutline I. Description of Negative campaigning It may possibly be described as â€Å"a form of an ad that is normally utilized by political aspirants during the campaign period to offer facts regarding unconstructive aspects of the opposing contender. II. Brief History of Negative Campaigning   In USA, during the 18th century, door to door campaigning was the main means of spreading information regarding an aspirant or a political party. III. Reasons behind the rise of negative advertising in the political arena There are several reasons which explain the rise of negative advertising in the contemporary USA. IV. Impacts negative forms of political communication may have on our system of government and democratic participation The negative forms of political communication may possibly pose a number of effects in the USA’s system of government and democratic participation. V. Analysis of political advertising Political advertising in the United States of America comprises any spread of information which backs or counters an aspirant for appointment to a public office. VI. The Detrimental and Positive Consequences of Employing Negative Ad Strategies Many electors detest this form these strategies. VII. The suggested negative effects of exposure to negative advertising It may possibly introduce thoughts of suspicion amongst the electorate. VIII. Effects of Exposure to negative advertising on voter turnout The decision by majority of America’s electorate to partake in a voting exercise is largely depended on exposure to political advertising. IX. Conclusion A key origin of predicament as far as political advertising is concerned is whether to make use of negative or positive advertising during the campaign period.       Description of Negative campaigning Scores of politicians across the globe, especially those who aren’t powerful and popular make use of negative campaigning to divert attention or even tarnish the popularity of their opponents. This type of campaign is usually stimulated by deceit(s) fashioned by one contender or more. This deceit may possibly turn out to be truthful to the electorate, and can make them not to vote for their initial preferred candidates. Negative campaigning crafts a non-conducive condition which alters the ability of the electorate to distinguish truthful information from untruthful one. Furthermore, it is capable of capturing electors’ interest as regards to a number of vital parameters affecting them such as the state of economy, and the unemployment rates. This type of campaigning may possibly be described as â€Å"a form of an ad that is normally utilized by political aspirants during the campaign period to offer facts regarding unconstructive aspects of the opposing contender.† It is broadly categorized into 2. The preliminary one is designed in order to launch a scathing attack on the challenger’s position on matters affecting the electorate. The second one is intended to launch a scathing attack on the challenger’s personality. Talking of USA, during the year 2008 campaign period, the Republican candidate, John McCain argued that his main competitor, Barrack Obama had no any experience concerning the USA economy, and therefore couldn’t manage to repair it subsequent to the ravaging effects of the recession that had threatened to tear apart our economy completely. This criticism was occasioned by the fact that John’s popularity was significantly low and also due to the fact that he had less experience regarding the economy. He couldn’t even explain the manner in which he could repair it (the USA economy) if elected. However, most Americans and the Media concurred with John’s remarks despite the fact that they were incorrect. Also, during this period, John’s camp and the Press at large considered President Obama an Islam simply because his middle name is â€Å"Hussein† in order to woo voters to vote for him (John McCain). Brief History of Negative Campaigning   In USA, during the 18th century, door to door campaigning was the main means of spreading information regarding an aspirant or a political party. Additionally, most contenders organized a number of gatherings especially at the city chambers so as to make vital speeches. They (the gatherings) were also aimed at strategizing their campaigns. The era between the start and the 9th decade of the 20th century was characterized by the usage of image advertisements at the commencement of a campaign period. This stage was aimed at setting up a positive image of a particular aspirant or political party. Subsequently, unconstructive/negative advertisements were utilized at the closing stages so as to launch a scathing attack against a challenger(s) or an opposing political party. But these tactics were discarded at the start of the 9th decade of this century (20th). The modern-day campaigning tactics on the other hand are structured in such a manner that the unconstructive advertisements are utilized right from the start to the closing stages. The use of media particularly the TV by aspirants to negatively spread political information has escalated to unprecedented levels (Thurber, Candice and Dulio 29). It has been well documented by well known researchers that TV advertising represents sixty to sixty five % of campaign financial resources (Hale, Fox and Farmer 330). The majority of campaign specialists are well versed with the fact that negative TV campaigning is capable of yielding the desired results within the shortest timeframe. Reasons behind the rise of negative advertising in the political arena A number of reasons which explain the rise this form of advertising exist. The preliminary reason is the Communication Act that came into law in the year nineteen hundred and thirty four (1934). This Act required the media not to broadcast any advertisement that is/was believed to be untruthful. However, deceptive advertising for political commercials is/was to be advertised. Two, in the year nineteen hundred and seventy six (1976), an alteration of the election campaign Act was made. This amendment was geared towards permitting campaign consultants to spend huge sums of money so as to back a meticulous aspirant. This money was also channeled towards commercial advertisement of the political party and candidates affiliated to it (Freedman, Wood, and Dale 40).   Three, many campaign consultants discern the fact that any aspirant who desires to be appointed by the public for a particular post must use it so as to amass the required votes. As a consequence, more and more contenders make use of negative advertising during the campaign period as a tool for convincing the voters that they are the best candidates. Four, in USA, in order for a political party to run a negative advertisement on a particular media station, it must obtain a permit from the concerned party. However, this permit is normally utilized liberally in the sense that there are no restrictions imposed as regards to the kind of information that ought to be featured or published in an advertisement. Impacts negative forms of political communication may have on our system of government and democratic participation The negative forms of political communication may perhaps facade a number of negative impacts. One, it is crystal clear that negative forms of political communication sprung at the start of the 9th decade of the 20th century. At that time, they were aimed at offering opposition to the office holders including the president. This state of affairs eventually gave rise to â€Å"negativism† (Freedman, Wood, and Dale 21). Two, it is perceived by many political analysts across USA as an acidic manipulator of the democracy. They have argued that due to the fact that it is characterized by aspirants employing various strategies in order to woo electors, the electors have significantly been repelled. As a result, a number of them end up not excising their democratic rights at the ballot, and are totally disillusioned by the leaders who use negative forms of communication so as to win elections (West 802). Three, in the recent times, it has turned out to be a strong political vehicle. This is attributed to the fact most candidates and their consultants use it so as to manipulate voting patterns. Four, there is a research that was conducted concerning the nineteen hundred and ninety two (1992) United States of America’s presidential and Senate elections. It found that this form of advertisement made many Americans not to trust the political processes. This significantly contributed to lesser voter attendance in the subsequent elections that were held in the year 1996. Five, negative forms of political communications have to an extent contributed to a decline in USA’s system of government. This has been occasioned by the low voter attendance in both the presidential and senate elections, and the electorate’s failure to trust the political system (Nimmo 23). Analysis of political advertising Political advertising in the United States of America comprises any spread of information which backs or counters an aspirant for appointment to a public office. Also, it may possibly comprise any spread of information aimed at backing or countering a ballot proposal. Political advertising may take various forms. One, written political advertising entails usage of billboards, pamphlets, fliers and more. Two, it may perhaps engross publishing of information regarding a candidate or a political party in newspapers such as the New York Times, and other types of publications. Three, political advertising may involve the spread of information to the voters via the radio, TV (television), and through an internet website.   Many political parties and aspirants across the United States tend to use Television to broadcast their commercials due to 2 main reasons. One, the information to be broadcasted is crafted and relayed precisely as desired. Two, it is known that TV is a key communicative connection in between the aspirants and the voters. Most political advertisements normally run for thirty seconds. They are properly designed in order to relay the most important information and capture the listeners/readers/viewers interest. In USA, there are a number of advertising companies which are mandated to trail and list different political advertisements. One of them is the â€Å"Wisconsin Advertising Project.† The Detrimental and Positive Consequences of Employing Negative Ad Strategies Various studies that have been conducted regarding negative advertising all over the USA by various researchers have shown that many electors detest these strategies. It has also been established that negative political advertising has slim chances of enabling an aspirant to garner more support from the electorate. Three, negative advertising strategies have a higher likelihood of causing pessimism amongst the citizens. Four, these strategies can make voters to lack interest in participating in major elections. Five, they (the strategies) have a higher likelihood of crafting uncertainties within the electors’ brain as regards to the capability of the target aspirant (s) to lead the nation or a State without any hitches. Six, the strategies pose a great peril of crafting empathy to the target aspirant(s). Fifth, the outcomes of an election in which the aspirants utilized negative advertisement strategies have been found to be poorer by scores of well known scholars all over the world. Seven, some of them (the scholars) after having conducted researches concluded that these types of strategies have explicit impacts on the electors, and therefore there is an urgent need for the relevant authorities to amend the communication Act so as to ban it or regulate the content to be aired. The positive consequences of negative political advertisement include the fact that it may possibly lessen the targeted aspirant appraisal. At the same time, it can swell the supporting aspirant voting intent. An American political scientist (Goldstein, K.), denies the fact that negative political advertising has can result to unconstructive outcome. According to him, if this advertisement is aired on a regular basis on the television during the campaign period, then the electorate is more likely to gain extensive facts regarding the candidates, and issues affecting them. He also argues that the more the electorate acclimatizes with these facets, the more they are liable to exercise their democratic rights by taking part in an election. Some scholars have argued that this type of advertising is a bad recipe for United States of America’s democracy. Others have suggested that it has a higher likelihood of restraining electorates’ participation. But in accordance with Kennedy, a great deal of this condemnation by the various scholars and researchers is based on a concept that USA’s electorates are not well educated, and therefore they are more liable to be effortlessly influenced by the ads. He states that â€Å"this type of advertising empowers the electorate’s capability to brightly select the best aspirant.†Ã‚   This is due to the fact most Americans have the intellect of pin-pointing differences as much as matters political are concerned. Kennedy however emphasizes that the campaign consultants ought to devise an ad which isn’t extremely despicable. He argues this is due to the fact that it has a higher chance of bouncing back on a political crusade. Furthermore, he advise s political consultants to ensure that they have substantiated the assertions they are intending to run on the television or publish. Kennedy reiterates that the unconstructive/negative advertisements are aimed at coaching the public. Constructive/positive advertisements on the other hand are geared towards amusing the electorates’ sentiments. According to him, unconstructive/negative advertisement is liable to be factual. In contrast, constructive/positive advertisements are less liable to centre on the policies of the candidate. Kennedy says that most voters pay heed to unconstructive advertisements because it has a huge prospect of unearthing the truth about the background of certain aspirants. He further laments that this form of ad has a long-history as much as the United States of America’s political scheme is concerned. As such, there is no need for its detractors to persist criticizing it. Kennedy asserts that the pronouncement of United States of America’s independence on 4th of the seventh month of the year 1776 is an unconstructive advertisement. Also, most candidates during the 19th century did not make use of the negative advertisements since at that time; television had not yet been invented (Chaptman). It has been documented by well known researchers across United States that those candidates who shift from one State to another in bid to raise money so as to fund their political crusades have a huge potential of running numerous ads on the TV and over the radio. Nonetheless, this kind of candidates end up disappointed if the ads don’t produce the most effective results.   During the November 2nd elections of the year 2004, one of the key policies of the Democratic candidate (John Kerry) was to increase the number of peacekeeping combatants in the war-torn Vietnam .However he was sharply criticized by several human rights watchdogs. According to them, this initiative had a potential of violating human rights and unconstitutional. Many political analysts have suggested the various reasons that made him to lose to the incumbent (George Walker Bush). One of the reasons is that John did not traverse the country to raise funds from well-wishers and other stakeholders. This meant that his camp couldn’t manage to pay for ads to counter ads that were specifically aired and published by the Republican candidate (Chaptman). The paid negative advertisements that were aired and published by the Republican camp made the electorate to turn out to be further acquainted with political matters, and as a result, they ended-up voting for Bush in spite of many criticisms that were leveled against him by critics such as the unwarranted invasion of both Afghanistan and Iraq (Chaptman). The suggested negative effects of exposure to negative ad Scores of voters, scholars, and researchers have suggested several negative effects of exposure to negative ads. One, it may possibly introduce thoughts of suspicion amongst the electorate. Two, negative ads were extensively used throughout the year two thousand and four (2004) elections that pitted George Bush, John Kerry and others. As a consequence, they crafted an element of squat/low self-value amongst the electorate. Three, some researchers have found that this form of advertisement has a higher likelihood of changing the electorates’ mind-set as regards to engagement in a number of democratic processes. These include referendums and Senate elections.   Four, owing to the fact that the negative advertisements are usually broadcasted during the campaign period, they create monotony. As a consequence, majority of the electorate protest against the real intention of this form of advertising. Five, some of them (the scholars) have argued that negative advertising is characterized by dishonesty. Also, they have argued that it is unjust since it is intended to tarnish the political supremacy of certain aspirants. Effects of Exposure to negative advertising on voter turnout There are 2 main parameters which explain the reason as to why most voters in USA take part in a voting exercise such as the election of the President and State representatives. One of them is the exposure to political advertising. This exposure can increase or lessen their curiosity as far as a particular voting process is concerned. Another one is the participation in political matters prior to the ballot day. It has been confirmed by well known researchers that the two determiners may possibly impact the electorates’ reaction sensitivity to negative advertisements. Furthermore, if the two determiners set off at a lower momentum, then negative advertisements are implausible to be effectual. This is due to the fact that the electorate may perhaps find the negative advertisements to be upsetting. Also, these advertisements may possibly fashion unconstructive sentiments towards the political leaders. The two determiners may possibly swell to unprecedented intensities. Furthermore, they have a higher likelihood of turning out to be further engrossed in the voting process. These have an impact of making the electorate to strongly react to negative advertisements. Negative ads have been found to generate fewer facts. This is has an impact of reducing the extent of sympathetic benevolence towards the aspirant during voting. However, owing to the electorates’ discernment that it was needless, he or she may possibly decide to reassess the sympathy for the aspirant. In United States of America, most presidential, senate and other elections may possibly feature a current office holder. These aspirants are usually at a better position to triumph over their rivals due to the fact the electorate are acquainted with a lot of facts concerning them.   Due to this reason, unconstructive advertisements aired against them (incumbents or current office holders) can have a repercussion impact. This is attributed to the fact that the incumbent’s advertisements may possibly swell to a larger extent the contender’s profile identification and have an impact on both the voter turnout and voting tendencies (Karen and Hensel, 67). It has been verified that those electorate who are autonomous (whose reaction to negative advertisements of the contestants is low) are likely to turnout in large numbers to exercise their democratic rights through voting. Conclusion A key origin of predicament as far as political advertising is concerned is whether to make use of negative or positive advertising during the campaign period. Negative advertising tactics normally poses a myriad of detrimental consequences not only to our political system but also to the electorate who are required by law to partake in a voting process in order to select their preferred candidates. For that reason, there is a need for the politicians to make use of positive advertising strategies since they are likely to breed a more cohesive American society. I strongly believe that the â€Å"prevailing† state of mind of political advertisement campaigns requires to be stabilized by an additional â€Å"fostering† point of reference. This will ensure that the ideologies of laissez-faire democracy remain sustainable.    Freedman, Paul, Wood, William, and Lawton, Dale. â€Å"Do’s and Don’ts of Negative Ads: WhatVoters Say†. Campaigns and Elections 20 (1999): 20-5. Hale, Jon, Fox, Jeffrey,   and Farmer, Rick. â€Å"Negative Advertisements in U.S. Senate Campaigns: The Influence of Campaign Context.† Social Science Quarterly 77 (1996):   329-43. Karen, James, and Hensel, Paul. â€Å"Negative Advertising: The Malicious Strain of Comparative Advertising.† Journal of Advertising, 20.2 (1991): 53-75. Nimmo, D. Political persuaders: The techniques of modern election campaigns. New Brunswick: Transaction, 2001. Rahn, Wendy M., and Rebecca M. Hirshorn. â€Å"Political Advertising and Public Mood: A Study of Children’s Political Orientations.† Political Communication 16 (1999): 387-407. Thurber, James, Candice, Nelson, and Dulio, David. Crowded Airwaves: Campaign Advertising in Elections. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000. West, Darrel. â€Å"Television Advertising in Election Campaigns.† Political Science Quarterly 109 (1995): 789-809.

Media and Cultural Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media and Cultural Diversity - Essay Example These movies constructed white men as heroes and guardians of morality and civilization, white women as frail but morally superior figures, and African-American and immigrant men and women as uncontrollable sexual deviants who threatened civilization. These films reflected the fears of the white middle class that massive immigration, waves of black migration to the North, and the increasingly public role of women were irrevocably changing American society and threatening the power of the traditional dominant group in the United States: white middle- and upper-class men. In the 1910s and 1920s the film industry was fascinated with rape in silent feature films. Out of a sample of fifteen of the most popular feature films from 1915 through 1927, eleven contained single or multiple scenes of attempted rape.(1) The attempted rape served as a transitional point for the films and indicated some momentous change in the story line was about to occur. But more importantly rape also acted as a metaphor for larger cultural concerns. Indeed, the action initiated by the sexual violence operated as a symbolic episode that legitimized the power and dominance of white men of the middle and upper classes, who were united through a common culture of respectability that emphasized etiquette and genteel values (Bushman, 1993). Attempted rape scenes in these popular films developed a triangular relationship between the white, manly hero saving his white, female love interest from the sexual violence of the African-American or immigrant rapist. Such plots were based upon a long tradition of melodramatic story-telling with clearly defined notions of good and evil, and many films followed the time-worn traditions of the past. But because films defined white men as good and powerful, white women as objects of sexual violence or adoration, and African-American and immigrant men as violent, all helped to reinforce the cultural perception that white middle-class men were powerful, and that civilization depended on that power. These films defined images of all three types of people by juxtaposing them against the others: logical and powerful white manhood contrasted with weak and passive womanhood and with the destructive sexual energy of the more "primitive" manhood of African-American and southern- and eastern-European men. In short, silent feature films often used rape to preserve and support dominant white manhood, to subordinate women, and to perpetuate negative stereotypes of non-Caucasian males. Further, the metaphorical form these movies used to c onvey that power--rape--also created a highly charged atmosphere of sexuality. Dersu Uzala [1975]: This film, directed not by a Russian but a Japanese (the famous director, Kurosawa) using mostly Russian or Soviet actors and staff, is nonetheless a classic of Russian cinema in the same way that the St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is a symbol of Russia despite having been designed by an Italian. An Imperial Russian Army survey party in pre pre-WW1 times goes to chart previously uncharted lands in Eastern Siberia.