Marketing Plan For Top Take Away Restaurant - 1716 Words

Identify and evaluate marketing opportunities Part 1: Research and identify possible marketing opportunities: Introduction: The company that I have initiated for my business has named as TOP Take Away Restaurant. The restaurant located in Chadstone Shopping Centre. It is the very strategic and overwhelming location the Chadstone Shopping Centre has been newly renovated with wide range of facilities. Also, it is the biggest shopping hub in Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, I have chosen this location to operate my restaurant. As of now, I have hired one manager, 3 front staff, 3 kitchen staff as my total labor force. The restaurant has been newly renovated, mainly the front part to have a presentable and welcoming appearance for my†¦show more content†¦TOP Take Away Restaurant’s competitors: As we are the sole Indian food provider in Chadstone Shopping Centre, there are no direct competitors to our business. However, when it comes to the Malaysian Food, there are some restaurant which providing moreless same dishes as us which bring a insignificant competition with our business.. Other relevant factors: As TOP Take Away Restaurant’s in the midst of discussion with some financial institution to get monetary fund to invest in certain factors to develop the our business to be more success. Three potential marketing opportunities: ï‚ § intermediaries ï‚ § Licensing ï‚ § online business opportunities Assess marketing opportunities: Marketing opportunities Marketing opportunities 1: Online business opportunities Marketing opportunities 2: Intermediaries Marketing opportunities 3: Licensing Impact on sales The presence of Internet has make things changed drastically. There are many ways which we can embrace the â€Å"Online† aid to introduce our products on internet. This is the fastest way to promote the food and service on the website or blogs such as Pinterest, Foursquare which are frequently accessed by patrons to explore the best foods available around them. The sales have high chance to up at least by 20% to 30%. The intermediaries has significant role in promoting foods. Most of the food intermediaries or agents possess goodShow MoreRelatedImplement And Monitor Marketing Activities. Assessment1334 Words   |  6 PagesImplement and monitor marketing activities Assessment Task 2: Project – Plan promotional activities Summarized marketing plan for TOP Restaurant company: The Executive Summary The TOP Restaurant (TOP) is a family start-up business that specializes in providing Asian cuisine foods based in Chadstone, Vic Australia. The TOP is intended to penetrate in to new markets in both locally and internationally. The TOP Company’s mission is to be a market leader by introducing authentic Asian cuisine worldwideRead MoreRed Lobster Analysis Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesclientele. We will go into further detail momentarily; however, the reason for focusing on the experiential customer group is that Red Lobster has the opportunity to increase revenue and net operating income at each restaurant by 20% or more. Granted, these are enormous gains and it will take a few years to realize their full potential, but for the reasons laid out below, we believe these gains are a realistic possibility. Red Lobster’s positioning has changed significantly over time. Before Kim LopdrupRead MoreWhat Is Hosting A Dublin 24 Takeaway Website For Food Delivery Services1034 Words   |  5 Pagesrate and becoming digitized. Web hosting makes it easy for delivering food in Dublin 24 hours operators to effectively compete with their fellow competitors. Benefits of web hosting Here are few reasons why this marketing platform has gained widespread among Dublin’s takeaway restaurant operators: Reliable There are many website hosts in Ireland to choose from. This statement has encourages people to check out web hosting. In addition to this, service providers charge different services for theirRead MoreA.Global Expansion. As Of March 1, 2017, Mcdonald’S Has1349 Words   |  6 Pagesunveiled future plans to unlock unlimited growth potential and increase the number of customers. The focus of the growth plan will elevate the customer’s experience by digital enhancement. Shareholders can also expect a new 3-year target for return on investment, and new financial targets in earnings per share. McDonald’s CEO is optimistic that eventually McDonald’s will be reasserted as the global leader of dining. In efforts to capitalize on attracting more customers, McDonald’s has plans to retainRead MoreMarketing Strategy : Flavors Of India Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Marketing strategy plays a very vital role in any pre-set up of an enterprise especially if it directly deals with consumers. FOI, Flavours of India, an Indian Restaurant is about to take it roots in Invercargill, New Zealand by the year 2015 (August). This research will help in understanding the marketing for FOI which will include its objectives, target market, business environment and marketing strategy. Flavours of India will be an Indian Cuisine restaurant that will specializeRead MoreMcdonald s Brand Image And Marketing Tactics967 Words   |  4 Pagesto stay at the top shows that people are, well, really loving it. However, recent research shows that over the past year the population is not loving it quite as much. In fact, for the first time in it’s history, McDonald’s has posted a decrease in sales for twelve months in a row. With social movements towards healthy and fresh food trends, McDonald’s has been pinned as the posterchild for unhealthy and processed cuisine. While they still top the world’s leaderboard of restaurant sales, this steadyRead More SWAT analysis for Victoria Station Restaurants Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesuniqueness- Concept based restaurants’ rely on dà ©cor and novelty themes, which are appealing enough to the customers to draw in business. For example: Hard Rock Cafà ©, Applebee’s, Rolling Rock Cafà ©, o r Outback Steakhouse. The Victoria Station utilized the English depot paraphernalia to support the theme; gas lights, a red English telephone booth, and a London taxi. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Quality control- The beef was cut to specifications, used controlled- portion fillets/top sirloin butts, and aRead MoreBusiness Proposal : Business Plan1462 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Proposal 1. Executive summary The company will be incorporated in September 2015. We want to establish a canteen that is located at 19 Kitchener Drive in Darwin city. This is a middle-sized restaurant that serves and provides healthy contemporary style food. The location will be just outside the Charles Darwin University Business School and close to a dense population of Waterfront Precinct. The CDU Waterfront Campus was opened at the beginning of 2015 and there is an estimated student populationRead MoreSeving in Florida by Barbara Enhrenreich900 Words   |  4 Pagesworking in the restaurant. 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Ice-Fili plans to continue to differentiate itself through its large variety and all-natural products, but, if it chooses, can also differentiate itself by advertising its high quality and great taste and the fact that it is a Russian company. Plan A Ice-Fili has a decided

Doing The Best I Can Book Review - 2227 Words

Jeff Post Sociology 101 Section 001 Doing the Best I Can Book Review The book is about how unwed fathers are seen as a leading social problem, but goes on to explain the flaws that occur after pregnancy that lead to the end of the couple’s romance. The book looks at the bond between the father and child rather than that between the parents. The book also goes through how changes economically and culturally for the urban poor as well as the obstacles they must overcome has changed fatherhood. The introduction begins with quotes from people who mention that fathers get women pregnant and then leave the woman and the child; they mention that men need to realize their responsibilities do not end with conception. The book summarizes these quotes as unwed fatherhood is one of the leading social problems, and these men are irresponsible and â€Å"hit and run.† A CBS special report, The Vanishing Family, was an interview of McSeed, a father of six from four different women. In the interview, he says the responsibility of raising the child is on the mother, not him. About four in every ten children born in America in 2008 were born outside of marriage, and they are disproportionately minority and poor. â€Å"Only about 6 percent of college-educated mothers’ births are nonmarital versus 60 percent of those of high school dropouts† (5). Scholars responded to this by studying single-parent families. The authors of the book went beyond the stereotypes to document the experiences of â€Å"110Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Mountain Post Historical Post Association721 Words   |  3 Pages In this paper I am going to discuss the non-profit organization The Mountain Post Historical Post Association (MPHA) and compare their reports to the one’s from my text book; Alliance for Nonprofit Management in Exhibit 7.12. I will identify which reports are in use and compare them to what is listed in the text book. I will also explain how effective these reports are for the organization. Let’s start by reviewing the monthly reports that the MPHA board has during the board meetings. Once a monthRead MoreWhat Are Qualities Of A Good Person?948 Words   |  4 PagesDescription of Text Set The following books is a collection intended for a kindergarten through first grade setting. The collection includes problems that each main character needs to resolve through their good qualities. For this text set my question I would like to include in my class room is; â€Å"What are qualities of a good person?† I believe that this set of books will help students gain qualities to better themselves. This text set will allow young students to see positive role models and whatRead MoreTruman Capote is Famous for His Novels, Stories and Screenplays816 Words   |  3 Pagesjob writing in the New Yorker magazine. 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And the pre-face when Lloyd Garrison describe his first encounter with Fredrick Douglas at and it is labor convention in and TackettRead MoreFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He700 Words   |  3 PagesFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He Accused ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris; Breaking In ‘The Burglary,’ by Betty Medsger. For the book review Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley the reviewer seem to have thought fondly of this book while writing majority positive things about this novel. The review He Accused which went over the novel Ã¢â‚¬Ë œAn Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris seemed to be majority mixed to the pointRead MoreThe Groundswell By Charlene Li And Josh Bernoff898 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Groundswell† book by Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff is an excellent novel that brings upon on the struggle to connect the power of social technologies. Li is an independent thought individual who is one of the leading voices of the business use of social media technologies and she is the founder of Altimeter Group Bernoff is the vice president at Forrester Research. The context of this book gives reader a comprehensive idea of how our world is being converted by social technologies and how we can take advantageRead MoreHow to Compete on Analytics Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesBy  Alison  Bolen  Ã‚      Thomas  Davenports  article  Competing  on  Analytics  was  the  best†selling  Harvard   Business  Review  reprint  in  2006.  To  write  it,  Davenport,T he  Presidents  Distinguished   Professor  in  Management  and  Information  Technology  at  Babson  College,  studied  the   characteristics  of  more  than  50  leading  organizations  that  have  made  a  commitment  to   quantitative,  fact†based  analysis.      Why  is  the  January  2006  Harvard  Business  Review  article  so  popular?  We  recently  asked   the  author  and  educator  that  Read MoreEssay on Defence of Duffers Drift Book Report903 Words   |  4 PagesDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY B COMPANY, 442nd SIGNAL BATTALION FORT GORDON, GEORGIA 30905 ATZH-LCB-B 17 Feb 12 MEMORANDUM FOR TECHNICAL DIRECTOR, WOBC SUBJECT: Book Review on The Defence of Duffers Drift by Ernest Swinton 1. The Defence of Duffers Drift was written by British Major General Ernest Swinton. Swinton’s main focus was to portray a series of events or battles he commanded during the South African War, occurring from 1899-1902. As a brandRead MoreHow This Critter Crits Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesI think it was the second day after posting How This Critter Crits I received a particularly glowing response. I had already answered probably twenty of them—mostly favorable ones, with a few being, well, less than sterling. Anyway, I scrolled down her crit to the response box, and after thanking her for her kindness, I told her how—owing to what she and others had voiced—I literally quaked in my figurative boots. I told her Im like the rookie ball player who listens to, and then internalizesRead MoreFor This Book Review, I Chose To Read â€Å"The New Teacher1489 Words   |  6 PagesFor this book review, I chose to read â€Å"The New Teacher Book,† which was edited by Terry Burant, Linda Christensen, Kelley Dawson Salas, and Stephanie Walters. When I was searching for a book to complete this book review, I was looking for something that was geared towards someone like myself who is new to teaching in the educational spectrum. I wanted a book that was going to share background information and knowledge that other new teachers had felt when they first stepped into their own classroom

Internet Scavenger Hunt free essay sample

Level Material Appendix B Internet Scavenger Hunt Search Statement: I am interested in upgrading the RAM in my computer with the use of new RAM modules. Search Keywords: ram module upgrade Search Engines Name and hyperlink to search engine 1: http://www. google. com/ †¢ Number of results: 11 †¢ First Web link http://www. pcworld. com/article/18024/upgrade_guide. html †¢ Second Web link http://www. crucial. com/install/sodimm. aspx †¢ Third Web link http://www.nap. com/pro_RAM. asp †¢ Boolean used, such as and, or, or not: memory upgrade and RAM modules †¢ Number of results for Boolean search: 11 Name and hyperlink to search engine 2: http://www. yahoo. com/ †¢ Number of results: 12 †¢ First Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/memory-modules/ †¢ Second Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/ram-memory-module/ †¢ Third Web link http://www. speicherbauer. com/ Boolean used, such as and, or, or not: memory upgrade and RAM modules †¢ Number of results for Boolean search: 11 Name and hyperlink to search engine 3: http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Scavenger Hunt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page lycos. com/ †¢ Number of results: 10 †¢ First Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/memory-modules/ †¢ Second Web link http://www. bizrate. com/ram-memory-upgrades/ram-memory-module

The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur Essay Example For Students

The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur Essay The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D ArthurThe Chivalric Code of Le Morte d’ArthurThroughout the tales of King Arthur, stories of brave knights and noble lordscaptivated the society of the European Middle Ages. These stories gave a criterion forpeople to base there values and way of life on. During the 1400’s knighthood was comingto an end. Sir Thomas Malory wanted to recapture the lose of chivalry with his tale â€Å"LeMorte d’Arthur†. He wished to inspire people to return to the basic ideals of the chivalriccode. Le Morte d’Arthur presents the importance of possessing the characteristics ofhonor, loyalty, and courage. The most important aspect of the chivalric code is honor. Without honor a man isbelieved to be less of a person during the Middle Ages. If you were to loose your honor,then somehow you, or someone else, must go to any lengths to regain that honor. In LeMorte d’Arthur, a knight is injured mortally and dies. When the squire of the knightpresents himself before King Arthur he tells Arthur, â€Å"he had been attacked by KingPellinore at the well, and then begged that he should be buried, and that one of Arthur’sknights should avenge his death.†(Malory, p.99) The squire knows that the deceasedknight’s honor must be returned. A young squire named Gryfflette begs Arthur to makehim a knight so he can avenge the fallen knights honor. Gryfflette’s plea to be a knightgoes to show how important it is that a man’s honor be intact no matter what the cost maybe. We will write a custom essay on The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In being a chivalric, along with possessing honor, you must also have large ofamounts of courage and bravery. Arthur knows Gryfflette is not ready to become aknight, yet he still allows him to become one because he knows how important it is toreturn honor to his dead comrade. Gryfflette leaves in search of King Pellinore anddisplays great courage by going and facing a much more seasoned knight such as he. â€Å"SirGryfflette struck the shield a ringing blow, and it fell to the ground.†(p. 99) Gryffletteinsults King Pellinore by pulling such a brave act as to knock the King’s shield from a tree. Gryfflette is aware of how experienced King Pellinore is, yet he is still very confident in hiswords. Sir Gryfflette is very sure of himself and repeats why he is there by confidently saying, â€Å"I come from the court of King Arthur, and still I mean to joust with you.†(p.99) Having a great deal of courage in Le Morte d’Arthur means that you are a strong knightand are worthy of respect and admiration. The more courage that you possess, the morepeople you have who admire you and who will be loyal to you and your cause. Loyalty is a ever-present aspect of chivalry presented in Le Morte d’Arthur. Loyalty is dispersed throughout the hierarchal feudal system. Along with loyalty there is ashared sense of respect for one another. When Arthur leaves to avenge the loss of honorthat Sir Gryfflette endures at the hand of King Pellinore, Merlin says, â€Å"whereas your angerwill certainly not save you from the superior strength of king Pellinore, whom you areabout to challenge.†(p. 100) Merlin realizes that Arthur has no chance of winning againstKing Pellinore, yet he still stays with Arthur because he knows that he must be loyal toArthur even though Arthur might shame himself and Merlin if he looses the battle. Arthurand Merlin return from Arthur’s journey and â€Å"they were questioned eagerly on all that hadhappened; and when the story was told, Arthur’s knights rejoiced in the boldness of theirking.†(p. 102) King Arthur’s knights are extremely loyal to him by prai sing him no matterwhat happens on his journey whether he losses or wins. Loyalty is a very admirablequality and is given much regard in Le Morte d’Arthur The importance of possessing the chivalric characteristics of honor, loyalty, andcourage are presented in Le Morte d’Arthur. Sir Thomas Malory stresses the importanceof chivalric qualities not only as an attempt to regain chilvary in the 1400’s, but also tostress of having those types of qualities that stay the same from generation to generation. In today’s age being loyal to someone is just as important as it was in the Middle Ages. Honor today can be looked at as being proud of something that you have accomplished orthat you have, and courage is always a characteristic that people appreciate and desire nomatter what the time period may be. In writing Le Morte d’Arthur, Sir Thomas Malorynot only wrote a reminder of chivalry for the 1400’s, but he wrote a anthem for theimportance of being c hivalrous for generations to come. .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .postImageUrl , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:hover , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:visited , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:active { border:0!important; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:active , .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33 .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd05aa8ba921e9afb6ceda7994987c33:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thomas Jefferson Essay On ArchitectureEnglish Essays

Battle of Antietam - Outcome and Significance

Battle of Antietam - Outcome and Significance Dates: September 16-18, 1862 Other Names: Sharpsburg Location: Sharpsburg, Maryland. Key Individuals Involved in the Battle of Antietam: Union: Major General George B. McClellanConfederate: General Robert E. Lee Outcome: The result of the battle was inconclusive, but the north did win a strategic advantage. 23,100 casualties. Overview of the Battle: On September 16, Major  Gen. George B. McClellan  met General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia in Sharpsburg, Maryland. The next morning at dawn, Union Major General Joseph Hooker led his corps to mount a strong assault on Lees left flank. This began what would be the bloodiest day in all of American military history. Fighting occurred across a cornfield and around the Dunker Church. In addition, Union troops assaulted the Confederates at the Sunken Road, which actually pierced through the Confederate center. However, the Northern troops did not follow through with this advantage. Later, Union General Ambrose Burnsides troops got into the fight, croosing over Antietam Creek and arriving at the Confederate right.     At a crucial moment, Confederate General Ambrose Powell Hill, Jrs  division arrived from  Harpers Ferry  and counterattacked. He was able to drive back Burnside and save the day. Even though he was  outnumbered two-to-one, Lee decided to commit his entire army while Union Major General George B. McClellan sent in fewer than three-quarters of his army, which enabled Lee to fight the Federals to a standstill. Both  armies were able to consolidate their lines during the night. Even though his troops had suffered crippling casualties, Lee decided to continue to skirmish with McClellan throughout the day of the 18th, removing his wounded south at the same time. After dark, Lee ordered the withdrawal of his battered Army of Northern Virginia to across the Potomac into the Shenandoah Valley. Significance of the Battle of Antietam: The Battle of Antietam forced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River. President Abraham Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. Source: CWSAC Battle Summaries

Free sample - Negative Campaign Advertisement. translation missing

Negative Campaign Advertisement. Negative Campaign AdvertisementOutline I. Description of Negative campaigning It may possibly be described as â€Å"a form of an ad that is normally utilized by political aspirants during the campaign period to offer facts regarding unconstructive aspects of the opposing contender. II. Brief History of Negative Campaigning   In USA, during the 18th century, door to door campaigning was the main means of spreading information regarding an aspirant or a political party. III. Reasons behind the rise of negative advertising in the political arena There are several reasons which explain the rise of negative advertising in the contemporary USA. IV. Impacts negative forms of political communication may have on our system of government and democratic participation The negative forms of political communication may possibly pose a number of effects in the USA’s system of government and democratic participation. V. Analysis of political advertising Political advertising in the United States of America comprises any spread of information which backs or counters an aspirant for appointment to a public office. VI. The Detrimental and Positive Consequences of Employing Negative Ad Strategies Many electors detest this form these strategies. VII. The suggested negative effects of exposure to negative advertising It may possibly introduce thoughts of suspicion amongst the electorate. VIII. Effects of Exposure to negative advertising on voter turnout The decision by majority of America’s electorate to partake in a voting exercise is largely depended on exposure to political advertising. IX. Conclusion A key origin of predicament as far as political advertising is concerned is whether to make use of negative or positive advertising during the campaign period.       Description of Negative campaigning Scores of politicians across the globe, especially those who aren’t powerful and popular make use of negative campaigning to divert attention or even tarnish the popularity of their opponents. This type of campaign is usually stimulated by deceit(s) fashioned by one contender or more. This deceit may possibly turn out to be truthful to the electorate, and can make them not to vote for their initial preferred candidates. Negative campaigning crafts a non-conducive condition which alters the ability of the electorate to distinguish truthful information from untruthful one. Furthermore, it is capable of capturing electors’ interest as regards to a number of vital parameters affecting them such as the state of economy, and the unemployment rates. This type of campaigning may possibly be described as â€Å"a form of an ad that is normally utilized by political aspirants during the campaign period to offer facts regarding unconstructive aspects of the opposing contender.† It is broadly categorized into 2. The preliminary one is designed in order to launch a scathing attack on the challenger’s position on matters affecting the electorate. The second one is intended to launch a scathing attack on the challenger’s personality. Talking of USA, during the year 2008 campaign period, the Republican candidate, John McCain argued that his main competitor, Barrack Obama had no any experience concerning the USA economy, and therefore couldn’t manage to repair it subsequent to the ravaging effects of the recession that had threatened to tear apart our economy completely. This criticism was occasioned by the fact that John’s popularity was significantly low and also due to the fact that he had less experience regarding the economy. He couldn’t even explain the manner in which he could repair it (the USA economy) if elected. However, most Americans and the Media concurred with John’s remarks despite the fact that they were incorrect. Also, during this period, John’s camp and the Press at large considered President Obama an Islam simply because his middle name is â€Å"Hussein† in order to woo voters to vote for him (John McCain). Brief History of Negative Campaigning   In USA, during the 18th century, door to door campaigning was the main means of spreading information regarding an aspirant or a political party. Additionally, most contenders organized a number of gatherings especially at the city chambers so as to make vital speeches. They (the gatherings) were also aimed at strategizing their campaigns. The era between the start and the 9th decade of the 20th century was characterized by the usage of image advertisements at the commencement of a campaign period. This stage was aimed at setting up a positive image of a particular aspirant or political party. Subsequently, unconstructive/negative advertisements were utilized at the closing stages so as to launch a scathing attack against a challenger(s) or an opposing political party. But these tactics were discarded at the start of the 9th decade of this century (20th). The modern-day campaigning tactics on the other hand are structured in such a manner that the unconstructive advertisements are utilized right from the start to the closing stages. The use of media particularly the TV by aspirants to negatively spread political information has escalated to unprecedented levels (Thurber, Candice and Dulio 29). It has been well documented by well known researchers that TV advertising represents sixty to sixty five % of campaign financial resources (Hale, Fox and Farmer 330). The majority of campaign specialists are well versed with the fact that negative TV campaigning is capable of yielding the desired results within the shortest timeframe. Reasons behind the rise of negative advertising in the political arena A number of reasons which explain the rise this form of advertising exist. The preliminary reason is the Communication Act that came into law in the year nineteen hundred and thirty four (1934). This Act required the media not to broadcast any advertisement that is/was believed to be untruthful. However, deceptive advertising for political commercials is/was to be advertised. Two, in the year nineteen hundred and seventy six (1976), an alteration of the election campaign Act was made. This amendment was geared towards permitting campaign consultants to spend huge sums of money so as to back a meticulous aspirant. This money was also channeled towards commercial advertisement of the political party and candidates affiliated to it (Freedman, Wood, and Dale 40).   Three, many campaign consultants discern the fact that any aspirant who desires to be appointed by the public for a particular post must use it so as to amass the required votes. As a consequence, more and more contenders make use of negative advertising during the campaign period as a tool for convincing the voters that they are the best candidates. Four, in USA, in order for a political party to run a negative advertisement on a particular media station, it must obtain a permit from the concerned party. However, this permit is normally utilized liberally in the sense that there are no restrictions imposed as regards to the kind of information that ought to be featured or published in an advertisement. Impacts negative forms of political communication may have on our system of government and democratic participation The negative forms of political communication may perhaps facade a number of negative impacts. One, it is crystal clear that negative forms of political communication sprung at the start of the 9th decade of the 20th century. At that time, they were aimed at offering opposition to the office holders including the president. This state of affairs eventually gave rise to â€Å"negativism† (Freedman, Wood, and Dale 21). Two, it is perceived by many political analysts across USA as an acidic manipulator of the democracy. They have argued that due to the fact that it is characterized by aspirants employing various strategies in order to woo electors, the electors have significantly been repelled. As a result, a number of them end up not excising their democratic rights at the ballot, and are totally disillusioned by the leaders who use negative forms of communication so as to win elections (West 802). Three, in the recent times, it has turned out to be a strong political vehicle. This is attributed to the fact most candidates and their consultants use it so as to manipulate voting patterns. Four, there is a research that was conducted concerning the nineteen hundred and ninety two (1992) United States of America’s presidential and Senate elections. It found that this form of advertisement made many Americans not to trust the political processes. This significantly contributed to lesser voter attendance in the subsequent elections that were held in the year 1996. Five, negative forms of political communications have to an extent contributed to a decline in USA’s system of government. This has been occasioned by the low voter attendance in both the presidential and senate elections, and the electorate’s failure to trust the political system (Nimmo 23). Analysis of political advertising Political advertising in the United States of America comprises any spread of information which backs or counters an aspirant for appointment to a public office. Also, it may possibly comprise any spread of information aimed at backing or countering a ballot proposal. Political advertising may take various forms. One, written political advertising entails usage of billboards, pamphlets, fliers and more. Two, it may perhaps engross publishing of information regarding a candidate or a political party in newspapers such as the New York Times, and other types of publications. Three, political advertising may involve the spread of information to the voters via the radio, TV (television), and through an internet website.   Many political parties and aspirants across the United States tend to use Television to broadcast their commercials due to 2 main reasons. One, the information to be broadcasted is crafted and relayed precisely as desired. Two, it is known that TV is a key communicative connection in between the aspirants and the voters. Most political advertisements normally run for thirty seconds. They are properly designed in order to relay the most important information and capture the listeners/readers/viewers interest. In USA, there are a number of advertising companies which are mandated to trail and list different political advertisements. One of them is the â€Å"Wisconsin Advertising Project.† The Detrimental and Positive Consequences of Employing Negative Ad Strategies Various studies that have been conducted regarding negative advertising all over the USA by various researchers have shown that many electors detest these strategies. It has also been established that negative political advertising has slim chances of enabling an aspirant to garner more support from the electorate. Three, negative advertising strategies have a higher likelihood of causing pessimism amongst the citizens. Four, these strategies can make voters to lack interest in participating in major elections. Five, they (the strategies) have a higher likelihood of crafting uncertainties within the electors’ brain as regards to the capability of the target aspirant (s) to lead the nation or a State without any hitches. Six, the strategies pose a great peril of crafting empathy to the target aspirant(s). Fifth, the outcomes of an election in which the aspirants utilized negative advertisement strategies have been found to be poorer by scores of well known scholars all over the world. Seven, some of them (the scholars) after having conducted researches concluded that these types of strategies have explicit impacts on the electors, and therefore there is an urgent need for the relevant authorities to amend the communication Act so as to ban it or regulate the content to be aired. The positive consequences of negative political advertisement include the fact that it may possibly lessen the targeted aspirant appraisal. At the same time, it can swell the supporting aspirant voting intent. An American political scientist (Goldstein, K.), denies the fact that negative political advertising has can result to unconstructive outcome. According to him, if this advertisement is aired on a regular basis on the television during the campaign period, then the electorate is more likely to gain extensive facts regarding the candidates, and issues affecting them. He also argues that the more the electorate acclimatizes with these facets, the more they are liable to exercise their democratic rights by taking part in an election. Some scholars have argued that this type of advertising is a bad recipe for United States of America’s democracy. Others have suggested that it has a higher likelihood of restraining electorates’ participation. But in accordance with Kennedy, a great deal of this condemnation by the various scholars and researchers is based on a concept that USA’s electorates are not well educated, and therefore they are more liable to be effortlessly influenced by the ads. He states that â€Å"this type of advertising empowers the electorate’s capability to brightly select the best aspirant.†Ã‚   This is due to the fact most Americans have the intellect of pin-pointing differences as much as matters political are concerned. Kennedy however emphasizes that the campaign consultants ought to devise an ad which isn’t extremely despicable. He argues this is due to the fact that it has a higher chance of bouncing back on a political crusade. Furthermore, he advise s political consultants to ensure that they have substantiated the assertions they are intending to run on the television or publish. Kennedy reiterates that the unconstructive/negative advertisements are aimed at coaching the public. Constructive/positive advertisements on the other hand are geared towards amusing the electorates’ sentiments. According to him, unconstructive/negative advertisement is liable to be factual. In contrast, constructive/positive advertisements are less liable to centre on the policies of the candidate. Kennedy says that most voters pay heed to unconstructive advertisements because it has a huge prospect of unearthing the truth about the background of certain aspirants. He further laments that this form of ad has a long-history as much as the United States of America’s political scheme is concerned. As such, there is no need for its detractors to persist criticizing it. Kennedy asserts that the pronouncement of United States of America’s independence on 4th of the seventh month of the year 1776 is an unconstructive advertisement. Also, most candidates during the 19th century did not make use of the negative advertisements since at that time; television had not yet been invented (Chaptman). It has been documented by well known researchers across United States that those candidates who shift from one State to another in bid to raise money so as to fund their political crusades have a huge potential of running numerous ads on the TV and over the radio. Nonetheless, this kind of candidates end up disappointed if the ads don’t produce the most effective results.   During the November 2nd elections of the year 2004, one of the key policies of the Democratic candidate (John Kerry) was to increase the number of peacekeeping combatants in the war-torn Vietnam .However he was sharply criticized by several human rights watchdogs. According to them, this initiative had a potential of violating human rights and unconstitutional. Many political analysts have suggested the various reasons that made him to lose to the incumbent (George Walker Bush). One of the reasons is that John did not traverse the country to raise funds from well-wishers and other stakeholders. This meant that his camp couldn’t manage to pay for ads to counter ads that were specifically aired and published by the Republican candidate (Chaptman). The paid negative advertisements that were aired and published by the Republican camp made the electorate to turn out to be further acquainted with political matters, and as a result, they ended-up voting for Bush in spite of many criticisms that were leveled against him by critics such as the unwarranted invasion of both Afghanistan and Iraq (Chaptman). The suggested negative effects of exposure to negative ad Scores of voters, scholars, and researchers have suggested several negative effects of exposure to negative ads. One, it may possibly introduce thoughts of suspicion amongst the electorate. Two, negative ads were extensively used throughout the year two thousand and four (2004) elections that pitted George Bush, John Kerry and others. As a consequence, they crafted an element of squat/low self-value amongst the electorate. Three, some researchers have found that this form of advertisement has a higher likelihood of changing the electorates’ mind-set as regards to engagement in a number of democratic processes. These include referendums and Senate elections.   Four, owing to the fact that the negative advertisements are usually broadcasted during the campaign period, they create monotony. As a consequence, majority of the electorate protest against the real intention of this form of advertising. Five, some of them (the scholars) have argued that negative advertising is characterized by dishonesty. Also, they have argued that it is unjust since it is intended to tarnish the political supremacy of certain aspirants. Effects of Exposure to negative advertising on voter turnout There are 2 main parameters which explain the reason as to why most voters in USA take part in a voting exercise such as the election of the President and State representatives. One of them is the exposure to political advertising. This exposure can increase or lessen their curiosity as far as a particular voting process is concerned. Another one is the participation in political matters prior to the ballot day. It has been confirmed by well known researchers that the two determiners may possibly impact the electorates’ reaction sensitivity to negative advertisements. Furthermore, if the two determiners set off at a lower momentum, then negative advertisements are implausible to be effectual. This is due to the fact that the electorate may perhaps find the negative advertisements to be upsetting. Also, these advertisements may possibly fashion unconstructive sentiments towards the political leaders. The two determiners may possibly swell to unprecedented intensities. Furthermore, they have a higher likelihood of turning out to be further engrossed in the voting process. These have an impact of making the electorate to strongly react to negative advertisements. Negative ads have been found to generate fewer facts. This is has an impact of reducing the extent of sympathetic benevolence towards the aspirant during voting. However, owing to the electorates’ discernment that it was needless, he or she may possibly decide to reassess the sympathy for the aspirant. In United States of America, most presidential, senate and other elections may possibly feature a current office holder. These aspirants are usually at a better position to triumph over their rivals due to the fact the electorate are acquainted with a lot of facts concerning them.   Due to this reason, unconstructive advertisements aired against them (incumbents or current office holders) can have a repercussion impact. This is attributed to the fact that the incumbent’s advertisements may possibly swell to a larger extent the contender’s profile identification and have an impact on both the voter turnout and voting tendencies (Karen and Hensel, 67). It has been verified that those electorate who are autonomous (whose reaction to negative advertisements of the contestants is low) are likely to turnout in large numbers to exercise their democratic rights through voting. Conclusion A key origin of predicament as far as political advertising is concerned is whether to make use of negative or positive advertising during the campaign period. Negative advertising tactics normally poses a myriad of detrimental consequences not only to our political system but also to the electorate who are required by law to partake in a voting process in order to select their preferred candidates. For that reason, there is a need for the politicians to make use of positive advertising strategies since they are likely to breed a more cohesive American society. I strongly believe that the â€Å"prevailing† state of mind of political advertisement campaigns requires to be stabilized by an additional â€Å"fostering† point of reference. This will ensure that the ideologies of laissez-faire democracy remain sustainable.    Freedman, Paul, Wood, William, and Lawton, Dale. â€Å"Do’s and Don’ts of Negative Ads: WhatVoters Say†. Campaigns and Elections 20 (1999): 20-5. Hale, Jon, Fox, Jeffrey,   and Farmer, Rick. â€Å"Negative Advertisements in U.S. Senate Campaigns: The Influence of Campaign Context.† Social Science Quarterly 77 (1996):   329-43. Karen, James, and Hensel, Paul. â€Å"Negative Advertising: The Malicious Strain of Comparative Advertising.† Journal of Advertising, 20.2 (1991): 53-75. Nimmo, D. Political persuaders: The techniques of modern election campaigns. New Brunswick: Transaction, 2001. Rahn, Wendy M., and Rebecca M. Hirshorn. â€Å"Political Advertising and Public Mood: A Study of Children’s Political Orientations.† Political Communication 16 (1999): 387-407. Thurber, James, Candice, Nelson, and Dulio, David. Crowded Airwaves: Campaign Advertising in Elections. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000. West, Darrel. â€Å"Television Advertising in Election Campaigns.† Political Science Quarterly 109 (1995): 789-809.

Media and Cultural Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media and Cultural Diversity - Essay Example These movies constructed white men as heroes and guardians of morality and civilization, white women as frail but morally superior figures, and African-American and immigrant men and women as uncontrollable sexual deviants who threatened civilization. These films reflected the fears of the white middle class that massive immigration, waves of black migration to the North, and the increasingly public role of women were irrevocably changing American society and threatening the power of the traditional dominant group in the United States: white middle- and upper-class men. In the 1910s and 1920s the film industry was fascinated with rape in silent feature films. Out of a sample of fifteen of the most popular feature films from 1915 through 1927, eleven contained single or multiple scenes of attempted rape.(1) The attempted rape served as a transitional point for the films and indicated some momentous change in the story line was about to occur. But more importantly rape also acted as a metaphor for larger cultural concerns. Indeed, the action initiated by the sexual violence operated as a symbolic episode that legitimized the power and dominance of white men of the middle and upper classes, who were united through a common culture of respectability that emphasized etiquette and genteel values (Bushman, 1993). Attempted rape scenes in these popular films developed a triangular relationship between the white, manly hero saving his white, female love interest from the sexual violence of the African-American or immigrant rapist. Such plots were based upon a long tradition of melodramatic story-telling with clearly defined notions of good and evil, and many films followed the time-worn traditions of the past. But because films defined white men as good and powerful, white women as objects of sexual violence or adoration, and African-American and immigrant men as violent, all helped to reinforce the cultural perception that white middle-class men were powerful, and that civilization depended on that power. These films defined images of all three types of people by juxtaposing them against the others: logical and powerful white manhood contrasted with weak and passive womanhood and with the destructive sexual energy of the more "primitive" manhood of African-American and southern- and eastern-European men. In short, silent feature films often used rape to preserve and support dominant white manhood, to subordinate women, and to perpetuate negative stereotypes of non-Caucasian males. Further, the metaphorical form these movies used to c onvey that power--rape--also created a highly charged atmosphere of sexuality. Dersu Uzala [1975]: This film, directed not by a Russian but a Japanese (the famous director, Kurosawa) using mostly Russian or Soviet actors and staff, is nonetheless a classic of Russian cinema in the same way that the St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is a symbol of Russia despite having been designed by an Italian. An Imperial Russian Army survey party in pre pre-WW1 times goes to chart previously uncharted lands in Eastern Siberia.

Chartered Portfolio Manager and Investment Management- week 3 Essay

Chartered Portfolio Manager and Investment Management- week 3 responses - Essay Example I agree that it is not suitable to add a hedge fund to such a client’s portfolio who has low capital base, risk averse nature, and willingness for long-term returns. Despite the accessibility of general public to the hedge funds as a result of their inclusion in mutual funds, they are not a viable option because of their cost and subjectivity of information. Participation in returns is not likely to increase considering the current limitations of the hedge funds. You have provided a concise definition of hedge funds. This was a particularly informative post as it introduced some new concepts such as derivatives and the investment technique of leverage. I don’t think it is suitable to add hedge funds that use leverage to a client’s portfolio given the enormity of risk of loss. I agree that institutions’ willingness for diversification drives them toward hedge funds. However, a fair understanding of risk and its comparison to the capital base is fundamental to making informed

Behavioural Skills for Business Essay Example for Free

Behavioural Skills for Business Essay When looking at what a manager should be doing and what Richard has been doing it is easy to see that he is struggling to properly understand what being a manager actually entails. While there have been many theorists over the years all trying to show what being a manager truly means I think that Rosemary Stewart’s theory fits Richards situation perfectly. Stewart recommended a three part classification for the analysis of jobs. She focused on; Job Demands – What you must do Job Choices – The freedoms you have. Job Constraints – The limit on what you can do. When looking at Job Demands you need to look at certain things; What routine job activities must not be neglected or delegated without a penalty being incurred. When looking at Richards situation you can see that Conflict There can be many causes of conflict within a business these can include; the formation of cliques; group pressure; patterns of communication; personality clashes; assumptions about others; misuse of authority; power tactics and manipulation; general expectations and beliefs; misunderstandings; understandable beliefs and assumptions. With regards to Carole’s situation the biggest causes of conflict are due to the fact that there were personality clashes between herself and Joanne due to the fact that they couldn’t work out a way to effectively to distribute the workload and then fell out due to â€Å"bitter words were exchanged†. It doesn’t help that the patterns of communication are weak within the company when she was put in charge, an example of this is when she found out that both Joanne and Ian had taken to leaving work early via an administration officer.

Poetry Essay: Dulce Et Decorum Est :: English Literature

Poetry Essay: Dulce Et Decorum Est Draft Copy The title of Wilfred Owen's famous World War I poem, 'Dulce Et Decorum Est', are the first words of a Latin saying which means, 'It is sweet and Right'. The full saying, which ends the poem, 'Dulce et decorum est // Pro patria mori', means it is sweet and right to die for one's country. This was the saying that was commonly understood and used widely in the propaganda at the beginning of the War. It made war out to be honourable and heroic. Owen shows in this poem, by depicting the horror and cruelty of the War, how far the common belief that war was proud and honourable, was from the truth. In the first stanza we are introduced to the setting of the poem as well as to a few of the horrors of the war. The men are leaving the battlefield and are moving to a place of rest when they are hit by gas filled artillery shells. It gives a description of how fatigued and weary the men were and how badly injured many of them were after spending time in the trenches of the front lines. The image of tiredness and sleep is introduced in the first stanza phrases such as 'Bent-double' (line 1), 'distant rest' (line 4) and 'Men marched asleep' (line 5). The men are so tired they turn their backs on the flares that are sent up to show the bombardiers where to shoot their shells. Another image that Owen uses that appears in the first stanza and is seen through out the poem is how there is a lack of co-ordination and sense. This can be seen by 'Knock-kneed' (line 3), 'limped', 'lame' and 'blind' (line 6) and 'drunk' and 'deaf' (line7). Owen shows how these men's senses had been numbed by the ghastly occurrences in the trenches and how these numbed senses cause the men to not realise they are under attack until it is almost too late. The second stanza describes the dramatic reaction the men have when they realise they have been attacked by gas. The ecstasy of fumbling - shows how desperate the men where to find the odd fitting gas masks, how a mask was the difference between a cruel death and life. Owen compares the unlucky man to someone who has fallen in a fire or pile of lime and is being engulfed by the pain. He is compared to a drowning man; he is drowning in the gas, in the pain of death. The gas is so thick that it takes on a liquid appearance. Poetry Essay: Dulce Et Decorum Est :: English Literature Poetry Essay: Dulce Et Decorum Est Draft Copy The title of Wilfred Owen's famous World War I poem, 'Dulce Et Decorum Est', are the first words of a Latin saying which means, 'It is sweet and Right'. The full saying, which ends the poem, 'Dulce et decorum est // Pro patria mori', means it is sweet and right to die for one's country. This was the saying that was commonly understood and used widely in the propaganda at the beginning of the War. It made war out to be honourable and heroic. Owen shows in this poem, by depicting the horror and cruelty of the War, how far the common belief that war was proud and honourable, was from the truth. In the first stanza we are introduced to the setting of the poem as well as to a few of the horrors of the war. The men are leaving the battlefield and are moving to a place of rest when they are hit by gas filled artillery shells. It gives a description of how fatigued and weary the men were and how badly injured many of them were after spending time in the trenches of the front lines. The image of tiredness and sleep is introduced in the first stanza phrases such as 'Bent-double' (line 1), 'distant rest' (line 4) and 'Men marched asleep' (line 5). The men are so tired they turn their backs on the flares that are sent up to show the bombardiers where to shoot their shells. Another image that Owen uses that appears in the first stanza and is seen through out the poem is how there is a lack of co-ordination and sense. This can be seen by 'Knock-kneed' (line 3), 'limped', 'lame' and 'blind' (line 6) and 'drunk' and 'deaf' (line7). Owen shows how these men's senses had been numbed by the ghastly occurrences in the trenches and how these numbed senses cause the men to not realise they are under attack until it is almost too late. The second stanza describes the dramatic reaction the men have when they realise they have been attacked by gas. The ecstasy of fumbling - shows how desperate the men where to find the odd fitting gas masks, how a mask was the difference between a cruel death and life. Owen compares the unlucky man to someone who has fallen in a fire or pile of lime and is being engulfed by the pain. He is compared to a drowning man; he is drowning in the gas, in the pain of death. The gas is so thick that it takes on a liquid appearance.

One of the Most Important Discoveries Is Mineral Oil

Mineral oil had been discovered a long time ago but it was not known how to use it, until 1892. Rudolf Diesel invented diesel fuel to be used in engines. Now, diesel fuel is used worldwide. Mineral oil includes many different compositions; therefore, many kinds of products which bring many benefits to people are made from mineral oil such as gas, petrol, lubricant, tar and so on. Mineral oil has been used in many fields of life. First of all, gas, a light component of mineral oil (from C1 to C4), is used widely in daily life, especially, in creating electricity.Therefore, this power is exploited by most of countries to provide electricity to people. Although, there are many sources of power such as nuclear energy, solar energy or waterpower and so on, they cannot replace gas because it is hard to produce such sources of energy and their cost is expensive.. Moreover, gas is an important fuel, which is used in the family to cook and to keep warm in the winter. Most of the countries in Europe depend on this power source. Consumption for gas is 100m3 a person a year (2008).Therefore, gas is a necessary fuel that is used in daily life. Second, petrol, a heavy component of mineral oil (from C6 to C10), is used a lot in industry; it is an important fuel that is used essentially in the transportation industry, such as in airports, shipping, road travel, rail travel and so on. Most engines use this fuel. We also recognize the importance of this fuel in American transportation. Petrol is used 70 to 100 per cent (2007). Each person uses, on average, twenty-five cans of petrol for his vehicle a year.The Vietnamese used fourteen million tons in 2007. Therefore, petrol is very important and necessary in our lives. The heavy component of mineral oil makes other products: tar, candle wax, lubricants, and so on. They are useful and many countries use it. For example, a lubricant is used to prreserve energy by decreasing temperature. Tar is used to build infrastructure on roads, bridges, and so on. Finally, mineral oil is also an essential resource of some countries, especial some Middle East countries.These countries depend only on this source to develop their resources in exporting. In summary, discovering mineral oil was a great success of human beings because it brought many advantages to people. Although there are many other sources of energy used, they do not replace mineral oil. Mineral oil is a valuable resource; therefore, we must know how to correctly use it in order to bring welfare to people but not lose the balance in our ecological environment by pollution.

Richard Rodriguez- Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood Essay

â€Å"Aria. † an extract from the memoir â€Å"Hunger of a Bilingual Childhood. † histories for the writer. Richard Rodriguez’s. childhood experience with larning English as a 2nd linguistic communication. Throughout his essay he represents the power of the person to get the better of the linguistic communication barrier and how he overcame this peculiar job as a kid. Bing lacerate between conforming to the â€Å"public† linguistic communication or remaining true to his â€Å"private† linguistic communication. he discusses subjects of familiarity and linguistic communication. Throughout his extract. he presents statements against the thought of bilingual instruction and it’s negative effects on ESL pupils. like himself. Born in a Mexican immigrant household and traveling to a metropolis in California. Sacramento. Rodriguez had already known from the start that he’s â€Å"different† from the remainder of the kids in the country. He was Hispanic. He felt the difference expressively at school and it was non merely because of his physical visual aspect. The difference of is what isolated him the most. They differed socially. He felt a gulf between Spanish. the linguistic communication he used at place which offered comfort. versus English. the linguistic communication used in the public universe which to him was foreign. Rodriguez felt the separation from his English-speaking schoolmates. as he struggled to get the hang this â€Å"public† linguistic communication and hopefully derive credence. Since its initiation yearss. U. S. had ever been a runing pot of diverse ethnicities. Welcoming fledglings while take a firm standing they learn and embrace its civic civilization. It was suggested that those who come here in America should go Americans. Upon come ining grade school. it was a monolithic civilization daze for Rodriguez. He was put in an ESL category expected to larn English. to talk English. and communicate in English. but of class in a â€Å"English as a Secondary language† puting. It was a ambitious passage. nevertheless. with pattern. Rodriguez began to slowly follow the English linguistic communication giving him and his household assurance and deriving a sense of individuality among his equals. However. every victory came at a monetary value. Rodriguez had ever considered Spanish an intimate linguistic communication he used amongst his household. The more English he spoke intend the less Spanish. Not long after. he felt that connexion easy and to him he associated that as a â€Å"departure† from his childhood. In Greek. way means â€Å"emotions† and for Aristotle. poignancy is an entreaty to those provinces of head that have an emotional constituent. Since it is a memoir. his emotions were vivid in every individual page. He begins by showing himself as a immature Hispanic male child. go toing an American school for the the first with really small cognition of English ( Rodriguez 163 ) . The reader’s inherent aptitude is to experience understanding for the immature male child drowned in strangeness in his new environment. a new group of people. a new manner of life. and a new linguistic communication. He quoted. â€Å"I heard her sound it out: Rich-heard Road-ree-guess ( Rodriguez 162 ) † . Readers can sympathise with relatable feelings of being immature and vulnerable. when first being faced with the existent universe. Besides. he remembered being outnumbered in his school by people of different cultural backgrounds. Again. readers’ natural inherent aptitude is to sympathise with anyone who might experience like the â€Å"underdog† or person who feels excluded and different. And in conclusion. another large illustration was when Rodriguez notices his mother’s face vanishing from the school on his first twenty-four hours. he said. â€Å"Quickly. I turned to see my mother’s face dissolve in a watery fuzz behind the pebbled-glass door ( Rodriguez 163 ) . Again. the readers as worlds are of course inclined to sympathise with a kid confronting a new and potentially baleful experience without the aid and counsel of it’s female parent. therefore it is a terrific experience. It is apparent that Rodriguez felt many negative emotions being a minority in a foreign topographic point. he felt fright. and under appreciated for who he was. For Aristotle. the ethos of a talker is persuasive when the address demonstrates practical wisdom. moral virtuousness. and goodwill towards the audience. On his first twenty-four hours of school. Rodriguez commented that although he felt nervous on his first twenty-four hours of school. he knows that the other kids besides felt nervous as good. he observed his schoolmates being â€Å"uneasy†¦finding themselves apart from their households ( Rodriguez 162 ) † . He hence showed his sense of equity and his deficiency of self-pity. which reflects on his low character. Another illustration. is when Rodriguez carefully explains the ends of bilingual instruction as those ends are understood by it’s advocate. He states. â€Å"Bilingual schooling is a plan popularized in the 1970ss. that decennary when middle-class â€Å"ethnics† began to defy the procedure of assimilation— the American thaw pot ( Rodriguez 172 ) . † Once more. he present himself as carnival minded and nonsubjective. Besides. while he was showing his resistance to bilingual linguistic communication his used of the word â€Å"force† in â€Å"I hear them and am forced to state no†¦ ( Rodriguez 180 ) † implies that his point is non fiddling. It is something he feels he need to voice to do other ESL pupils feel more comfy. His phrasing suggests that he feels theta he has no other ethical pick but to state war he genuinely and unfeignedly believes. This proves that he is true and unfeignedly to what he believes and is honorable and caring about the well being of other kids who feels â€Å"different† . Sons are explained as the â€Å"text of speech† by Aristotle. And in conclusion. Talking as an intelligent and educated grownup. Rodriguez introduces the subject of bilingual instruction. He shows that he knows when his thought was foremost proposed. by whom it was proposed. by whom it was foremost proposed to. and the grounds that led people to suggest it ( Rodriguez 172 ) . His deduction proves him to be good informed and trusty observer. Next. Rodriguez reports more of his ain household background. connoting that his resistance to bilingual instruction will be rooted in really practical grounds with which he is rather familiar. he states â€Å"Bilingualists insists that a pupil should be reminded of his difference from others in mass society. of his heritage ( Rodriguez 173 ) † . His resistance will non be irrational but will alternatively be the consequence of grounds he personally knows all excessively good. The point Rodriguez is doing in his essay through the usage of rhetorical entreaties is that turning up as an ESL scholar was hard. but it enabled him to set up a public individuality in his English-Speaking community. He felt he had the right and duty to larn English. Rodriguez does non hold with â€Å"Hispanic American activists† who support a bilingual instruction for ESL scholars. He feels that teaching the kids in Spanish instead than English might detain their ain entryway in the public universe of English-speaking society and ache them in a long tally. He strongly feels that school should be taught in standard English. the same manner how other pupils are taught. Alternatively of seeking to absorb the difference in societal civilization. schools and pedagogues should promote pupils to encompass their roots. while seeking to larn the English linguistic communication. ESL Students should non experience the demand to maintain their primary linguistic communication sole when in the adult-life holding a 2nd linguistic communication is a great advantage. The positive facets of the place of ESL scholars should decidedly be emphasized in a school scene.

Air Raid Over Harlem essays

Air Raid Over Harlem essays Protests of 1935: An Analysis of Air Raid Over Harlem When the Italian forces invaded the nation of Ethiopia in 1935 it disturbed many African Americans throughout the United States. This incident caused many blacks to protest in the streets of Harlem, New York. In Langston Hughes poem, Air Raid over Harlem (1935), he uses the literary devices of colloquial language, capitalization, and rhyme to illustrate the feelings, thoughts, and actions of many Americans during the time of these rebellious acts. Hughes uses a great deal of colloquial language throughout the poem to show how Americans felt during this time period. The narrator, a black man, shares many of his feelings with the reader during the poem. He has many conversations with a white man about the different aspects of the protests and of the different things that take place. For example, the narrator tells the white man of how his people have been quiet and peaceful too long and if they have to use physical force to get their point across then they will. The white man replies, Youre just making up/ A fake funny picture aint you? Not real, not real? (58-60). The white man thinks he jokes around and makes up some magical fairy tale that doesnt make any sense. The white mans reply demonstrates the common viewpoint white people felt during the early stages of the protesting. His choice of words and the way he uses them shows that education levels for white Americans werent that high during this time period. Hughes uses a good example of colloquial language when the narrator tells the white man about the horrible things that happen to his people during the protest. He mentions police hitting people with billy-clubs and splitting their heads open making them bleed. He also talks about how the police send bullets throughout the streets of Harlem and leave the wounded and dead laying helplessly. In an angry voice th...

How to be a good mentor

How to be a good mentor Those of us who have had the opportunity to have a good professional mentor as we travel through our career paths are well aware of the value they bring- this includes everything from support, encouragement, and motivation; to opening new doors; to networking and job opportunities. The bottom line is that a good mentor is really worth their weight in gold.   That said, others among us have learned that some people who find themselves in a position to be mentors are really not well-suited for the role and can even do more harm than good. A bad mentor can hold you back from new opportunities and career advancement, set you off on a trajectory that isn’t right for you, and even sour you on an industry entirely.Clearly, the role of a mentor isn’t one to be taken lightly. It’s a tremendous responsibility, and one that could potentially give you a great deal of power and influence over someone in need of real advice, molding, and guidance. If you’re making a c onscious decision to become a mentor to someone junior to you in your field, make sure that you enter the role with every intention of being a positive influence. Consider using the following strategies to get started on the right foot.3 rules to being a strong mentorDon’t feel threatenedHere’s the raw truth when it comes to most mentor/mentee relationships: you’re helping to train the next generation of workers in your field, and they’re going to be just as ambitious as you likely were when you were just starting out and eager to climb to the top of your career ladder as quickly as possible. Take a moment to look back on those times- didn’t you have visions of eventually seizing the reins of power and filling your boss’s shoes (hopefully as they quietly shuffle out of your way)? Chances are if you’re mentoring someone they’ll likely be harboring the same ambitions.Don’t let this cloud your relationship with them or make you feel threatened and defensive- or worse, make you work against their best interests. Instead, recognize that this is a natural part of the professional cycle. As older employers mature, new employees will enter the field and hopefully gain the necessary skills and experience to one day take control. It happened for you, and one day it’ll happen for them; after all, you won’t be in the world of work forever and likely don’t want to be. The best you can do as a mentor is to help ensure that you’re placing the future of your company and industry in capable hands.Don’t do it for personal gainIn the world of work, most of us are used to the sort of â€Å"quid pro quo† arrangement where both sides get something tangible when taking part in a mutually agreed upon transaction. However, the mentor/mentee relationship is a little bit different. The fact of the matter is, there’s an inherent imbalance (of sorts) when it comes to â€Å"who gets what† here; the mentor typically devotes a significant amount of time and energy to the exchange and the mentee reaps most of the benefits- the knowledge, skills, experience, and opportunities that you’re passing along to them. It is true that mentors get the satisfaction of knowing that they’re â€Å"paying it forward† and helping out the next generation, but make sure that that’s enough of a return on your investment when deciding whether or not to be a mentor. Do it for the satisfaction of helping pave the way for someone else, and not for personal gain.Check yourselfAs we said before, becoming a mentor is a big responsibility and not one to be taken lightly. You’re going to have a real impact on the life of someone in a dependent and impressionable time in their life, so make sure you have enough time and energy to do it well. There’s nothing quite as dispiriting as having a mentor who never seems to have the time to work with you and who you’re always chasing down for help and guidance- or worse, who seems annoyed or put out by your needs. Don’t be that sort of mentor- if you commit to doing it, make sure you’re doing so with the understanding that you’re going to have to carve out a significant amount of your time and resources towards being a good and reliable source of support and guidance all the way through.Being a mentor can be a challenging role, and often the rewards aren’t immediately tangible. However, when done properly, being a positive mentor to an eager and excited individual can be an extremely rewarding and fulfilling experience. If you’re going to be a mentor, then commit to being a good one, and use the strategies and advice presented here to help you along the way.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 42

Summary - Essay Example It’s the next generation of leaders who can be nurtured to be the next several years are the baby boomers of the organization. Strength and development may be looked in various in a group as discussed as follow: Diversity inclusion is one of the ways in which an organization uses to identify strength in an organization. Diversities are the difference that people have, and it may be in terms of having different talents, and culture (Yaeger & Sorensen, 2009). Diversity is among the propelling factors of many things in the organization. It’s the fundamental driver of innovation and creativity, and it is one of the critical components of the organization being successful on an international scale. It enhances innovation by encouraging different views and ideas that foster innovation (Yaeger & Sorensen, 2009). A diverse and inclusive organization workforce is very critical for an organization that is interested in attracting and retaining the top talent the top talent in the organization. Competition has become very stiff currently due to the global economy; therefore, the companies need to have planned to recruit, retain, and develop a diverse workforce (Yaeger & Sorensen, 2009). Another way through which strength and development are realized is by upholding self-confidence through positive attitude and outlook. Confidence helps one in mastering critical skills and situations. Moreover, it helps one to understand himself better thus being able to explore on ones strengths and weaknesses. However, positive outlook entails the way a leader approaches situations realistically but the negative outlook of give in the room for stress and pressure while handling the situation. In my research, I looked at motivation as a way through which the leader can deliver the vision to people in a diverse way. It is important that the leader

CNS Breathe Strip Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CNS Breathe Strip Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example The company has used prominent people in Japan, the United States, and in Italy as their public relations since they will have an impact on the consumer choices after being seen using the breathing strip. For example in Italy, they used a Valentino Rossi, who is a famous motor cycle racer to promote the breathing strip. Since people will want to emulate they people the find famous, they started using the breathing strip to take care of their breathing problems, and this increased sales for the product. The company also embarked on a campaign in all the countries it supplies the breathing strip to know the needs of consumers by conducting market research to know the consumer needs, for example, when it first introduced the strip in the united states, it was black and recorded high sales since it meant it should be used at night. However, when the same product was introduced in England, it had a negative impact since people there wanted it to come in a lighter color to indicate that it is helpful for breathing. This prompted the company to change the color of their product so that it can be tailored to meet the needs of the target market. CNS’s brand image is strong as many people around the world are using it, and this is owed to the company’s advertising strategies. The company has many markets, the price of the product is not the same in all the markets, and they consider the market constraints in the target market before setting the price. This implies that users of the breathing strip will be willing to pay for the product provided it treats their breathing problems regardless of the price. The company embarks on extensive advertising campaigns to ensure that consumers are aware of the product. The company uses television advertising to promote the use of the product in most of its market since it has a wide coverage, implying that the advertisement will reach a wide audience. It also has a large market at convenience shops meaning that people do not have to have a prescription in order to buy the breathing strips. Valentino Rossi increased awareness of the breathing strip in Europe, and he uses the strip for most of his racers and on the two occasions when he did not use the strip, he lost the races and since then he has been using the nasal strip. This was a big boost to the company’s sales since people all over Europe with breathing problems started using the strip to help them in breathing, and the company increased their sales. People‘s culture and their way of life are important considerations when determining the market approach to be used in a certain market. This is because the beliefs of people ought to be incorporated in the marketing approach to ensure that they respond positively to the company’s product. In New Zealand, rugby is one of the most treasured sport in the country, and this means that the marketing approach for CNS would have to include some aspect of the game. Rugby is deeply rooted in the society and their national rugby team would be a good base for the marketing campaign. CNS could use one of the prominent players of the All Blacks team to market the product. Since the

Organizational Change Management in Nokia Research Paper

Organizational Change Management in Nokia - Research Paper Example The reasons of failure could be market competitors â€Å"Samsung† and could be the old trends of business, which have restrained Nokia from true organizational success.   The Trends to be Adapted Talking about the trends of the business especially organizations, which are on the technological side include, innovation, advancement, modification and sustainability (Mohin, 2012). Firms that are operating on the mass global level are in the trench of such modern business trends. Firms especially in the mobile phone sector are marching up with such technology and advancement. Actually, the soul of such trends relate to the perception of the modern customer, which expects advancement, innovation and modification in all the products and services (Woo, 2013). Present organizations such as Apple, Samsung, Sony or HTC are moving up with modern business trends (Woo, 2013). The organizations understand that their secret of success lies behind the prevailing business trends. To progress, to compete or to accelerate in the globalized business order, organizations have identified such contemporary trends as effective compellers. Actually, consumers are more familiar with modernization and hence they want to see things changing in the business order too. For such reason, the demand is of those companies, which have the concept of change, innovation and modification. These have become the essentials of business operation- essentials of progress and succession (Mohin, 2012). The concept of a smartphone first introduced by Apple and then the Samsung’s Android phone are the major examples of innovation. This innovation, which has become the delight of modern consumers has been thoroughly adapted within the organizations’ systems (Woo, 2013). The same is what is expected from Nokia - a company, which remained in the old trends and not able to define technology in the right innovative sense (Cheng, 2012). They tried to stay on ultra cheap with and hence not ab le to meet innovation and technological grounds. The innovative concept of Samsung Galaxy X is what brought Nokia to a threat. This is where the gap of trend was there, and hence, Nokia was not able to pick the track of progression (Mohin, 2012). Furthermore, the trend of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), which is the trend of other mobile leader companies, as well also seemed lost in the Nokia operation (Cheng, 2012). Samsung one of the trademark companies has adopted the practices of green and green management (Krames, 2005). This is for sustaining resources for the future and for the Corporate Social Responsibility objective. Meanwhile, organizations when they have the leadership, the vision and ideology they work in such social business norms. They know that to survive for future generations that have to imply such valuable social trends. All such trends are followed by the trend-setting organizations and hence need to be adapted by lagging organizations such as Nokia Corpo ration. Actually, Corporate Social Responsibility and even any new business trend come from the leadership and the culture of the organization.

Calcium Hydroxide in Simulated Lateral Canal Filling

Calcium Hydroxide in Simulated Lateral Canal Filling Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: Sixty single root premolars were instrumented. Simulated lateral canals were drilled on each third of the roots. The teeth were divided into four groups: no dressing and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G1), dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G2), no dressing and obturation by hybrid technique (G3) and, dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by hybrid technique (G4). The teeth were maintained at 37oC in 100% humidity for seven days, and obturation techniques were performed. Radiographs were taken and lateral canals filled or unfilled were counted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (ÃŽ ±=5%). Results: The hybrid technique filled large number of lateral canals compared to lateral condensation technique , regardless the use of intracanal medication (PPPConclusion: Regardless the obturation technique, calcium hydroxide dressing reduced the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals. Clinical significance: The persistence of calcium hydroxide residues reduces the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals, possibly representing a potential cause of failure in the future. Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, Endodontics, root canal obturation, laboratory research Introduction The root canal system has a very complex anatomy, characterized mainly by the presence of curvatures, accessory and lateral canals.1-3 The lateral canals can be observed anywhere along the root length of an important percentage of teeth, although more commonly in the apical third.1 Actually, the presence of lateral canals represents a challenge, as they are difficult to reach, clean, disinfect and fill during endodontic treatment,4 representing a potential cause of diseases.3,5-8 Considering that persisting bacteria may be located in not accessed areas like lateral canals, the intracanal medication and three-dimensional obturation of the root system becomes extremely important.4 The intracanal medication has been used to complete the disinfection and to prevent reinfection by these microorganisms,9-11 and can act chemically by killing microorganisms or physically by preventing bacterial penetration.12 The obturation also could prevent reinfection13 as the sealer isolates microorganisms without access to space and nutrients.14 Calcium hydroxide has been widely used as an intracanal medication for its antibacterial effect on most of the microorganisms identified in the root canal system.12 The therapeutic properties of this medication are associated with their pH value and with the period that they remain within the root canals.9,15 It has been pointed out that calcium hydroxide dressing for seven days with subsequent instrumentation and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, improve the debridement of the root canal system and efficiently eliminate persistent bacteria.16,17 However, it was found that a considerable amount of calcium hydroxide paste remains attached to the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with various solutions.18-20 Also, it is known that when calcium hydroxide is incompletely removed from the root canal, the residue compromises the endodontic sealing.20,21 Thus, it is possible that residual calcium hydroxide could obliterate the openings of the lateral canals, blocking their filling.19,22 Additionally, the type of obturation technique is a crucial factor to be considered in such situations, since the capability to ensure the filling of lateral canals is an important clinical parameter and may represent a favorable aspect of the filling technique. In this context, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques. Materials and Methods The study has been approved by an ethical committee from Pontifà ­cia Universidade Catà ³lica do Paranà ¡, under number of register 326/2004. Only one researcher has done the experimental procedures. Sample preparation In this in vitro study, a total of sixty human single root mandibular premolars with medium length between 21 to 23 mm were selected. The teeth were autoclaved and stored in 0.5% thymol solution prior to the experimental assays. The coronal access was gained with a #2 round and a #3080 diamond bur (KG Sorensen, Barueri, SP, Brazil). Then, the coronal and middle thirds of the root canal were shaped using #1, #2, and #3 Gates-Glidden drills (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The canal length was visually established by placing a #10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in each root canal until it was seen emerging through the apical foramen. The working length was determined by subtracting 1 mm from this measurement. The teeth were instrumented at the working length using a #35 K-File (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Simulated lateral canals Three simulated lateral canals were drilled on the mesial and distal surfaces (one in each third: coronal, middle and apical) by using a device. This device consisted by a #10 K-File (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) with 4 mm from its tip sectioned, which was adapted in a low-speed contra-angle handpiece. The root canals were then instrumented using a #45 K-File (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) to the working length to create a smear layer. After every change of file size and at the completion of instrumentation, the canals were irrigated with 5 mL of a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Following this, the root canal was irrigated with 5 mL of 17% ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Merck Brasil, Sà £o Paulo, SP, Brazil) followed by a final flush of distilled water. The root canals were dried with paper points (Tanariman Manufacturer, Amazonas, AM, Brazil). Experimental groups Afterwards, the sixty teeth were randomly divided into four equal groups of fifteen. The groups were separated according to the use or not of calcium hydroxide dressing, and the type of obturation technique, as follow: no dressing and obturation by lateral condensation technique (G1), dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by lateral condensation (G2), no dressing and obturation by Tagger’s hybrid technique (G3) and, dressing with calcium hydroxide and obturation by Tagger’s hybrid technique (G4). Dressing procedure In G2 and G4, the calcium hydroxide paste was prepared by mixing two parts of lab grade calcium hydroxide and 1 mL saline solution to obtain a creamy consistency. The paste was inserted using a #25 Lentulo drill (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), subtracting 2 mm from the working length. The access cavities were temporarily sealed with a cotton pellet and temporary seal (Coltosol, Coletene, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). The samples were maintained at 37oC in 100% humidity for seven days. Afterwards, the temporary seal was removed and the calcium hydroxide was cleaned using a #35 K-File (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 17% EDTA (Merck Brasil, Sà £o Paulo, SP, Brazil). The root canals were dried with paper points (Tanariman Manufacturer, Amazonas, AM, Brazil). Obturation techniques For obturation procedures, the AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was used in all groups. The sealer was manipulated according with manufacturer’s instructions. The obturation technique was performed as follow. Lateral condensation For G1 and G2, it was used the lateral condensation technique. For this, a well-fitting master gutta-percha cone #35 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) coated with sealer was taken up 1 mm from the working length. Then, the master cone was left seated and the lateral condensation was performed using a finger spreader B (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). This spreader was inserted with the sealer toward the canal’s wall and then counterclock wisely removed to create room for the insertion of the accessory gutta-percha cones (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). This procedure was repeated until the insertion of new accessory cones was not possible. After the obturation completion, the excess of filling material was removed and the cold vertical condensation was executed. Tagger’s hybrid technique For G3 and G4, it was used the Tagger’s hybrid technique. For this, a master cone was seated as described above. An initial lateral condensation was performed with the finger spreader B (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and one accessory gutta-percha cone was inserted. Next, a McSpadden compactor #70 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was coupled to a low-speed contra-angle handpiece and introduced passively into the root canal. The penetration of the condenser inside root canal was obtained with the aid of a rubber marker 1 mm short of the working length. With the condenser inside the root canal, next to the gutta-percha cones, it was driven by forward and backward movements up to reach working length, staying in that position for about 1 second. The condenser was removed from root canal with the motor still driven with gentle pressure on one side of the canal’s wall. Following, the vertical condensation of the plasticized gutta-percha was perfo rmed through heat Paiva’s condensers in order to obtain a better adaptation of the filling material. Postoperative radiographs Immediately after filling, postoperative radiographs were taken and all of them were identically exposed, developed, and fixed. The radiographs were placed in slide mounts and projected in order to count the lateral canals filled or unfilled in each group. Only completely filled lateral canals were considered. Three calibrated examiners analyzed the images. Statistical analysis Data were statistically analyzed by the SAS/LAB package (SAS Software, version 9.0; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA). Firstly, Kappa’s test was performed to evaluate the examiner’s level of agreement. The assumptions of equality of variances and normal distribution of errors were checked and the data were transformed as suggested by the software. The simulated lateral canals were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test, considering the dressing, obturation technique and root thirds as study factors. The significance level was set at 5%. Results The value of the test of agreement between examiners was 0.89. In Figure 1, it is observed representative radiographs after obturation by different techniques. The Tagger’s hybrid technique filled large number of simulated lateral canals compared to the lateral condensation technique, regardless the use of intracanal medication (PP Although the coronal and apical thirds had a somewhat larger number of filled lateral canals than the middle third, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) (Table 1). Significant differences were observed when comparing the number of filled and unfilled canals in the same root third of each group (PP>0.05). Discussion After shaping and cleaning the root canal, persisting bacteria may be located in not accessed areas like lateral canals, and this must be considered potentially pathogenic and a cause of future endodontic failure.3,5-8 For this reason, dressing and three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system becomes important steps.4 The use of calcium hydroxide dressing is established in the literature,23 however, persistence of this medication in the root canal walls could prevent the sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules,21 compromising the obturation procedure. Also, several techniques have been developed to achieve an adequate three-dimensional obturation of lateral canals.24 For this, we purposed to evaluate the influence of calcium hydroxide dressing on the filling of simulated lateral canals by different obturation techniques. The actual need to fill lateral canals has been a largely discussed in the current literature.2,4,19 However, it is important to point out that both lateral canals and apical ramifications have been implicated with treatment failure when they are sufà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ciently large to harbor signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant numbers of bacteria and to provide these bacteria with access to the periradicular tissues.3,25 Therefore, disinfection, dressing and filling of lateral canals in cases of pulp necrosis and apical and/or lateral periodontitis should be considered important goals of the treatment, although difà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cult to achieve.3 Calcium hydroxide is widely used as an intracanal medication,12 and several techniques have been used to remove it from the root canal.18,21,26,27 The enlargement of the canal to the next file size and copious irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and/or EDTA, which are the procedures commonly used in clinical practice, seems to be unable in completely remove calcium hydroxide from root canal.21,26 There is a consensus that the residues of the medicament persists in the canal even with different techniques for removal.28,29 The results of our study demonstrated that residual calcium hydroxide blocked the openings of the lateral canals, reducing and/or preventing the penetration of sealer or gutta-percha into the lateral canals, corroborating with a previous study.19 Regardless the obturation technique, we demonstrated that when calcium hydroxide was applied as a dressing medication (G2 + G4), 99 of the 180 simulated lateral canals were obturated. On the other hand, when calcium hydroxide was not used (G1 + G3), 129 of the 180 simulated lateral canals were filled. Also, in our study, simulated lateral canals were created in each third of the canal root. We showed that no differences were found among the different root thirds in the same group. About the ability of different obturation techniques to fill simulated lateral canals the literature indicates that warm gutta-percha techniques are superior.2 According to our results, the Tagger’s hybrid technique resulted in large number of filled simulated lateral canals, although it was reduced with the dressing with calcium hydroxide. Also, the lateral condensation showed the worst ability in filling simulated lateral canals, particularly when calcium hydroxide dressing was employed. It is possible that the cold condensation of gutta-percha difficult the penetration of the filling material.30 Thermoplasticized techniques improve the expansion of the material against the dentinal walls.31 A recent study about the interference of calcium hydroxide previous to the filling revealed that the medication can difficult the hermetic filling of the root canal system because of its property of obliterates lateral canals.22 Overall, the persistence of calcium hydroxide residues should be considered as a side effect when selecting this medication as an interappointment dressing in root canal therapy,19,22 regardless the obturation technique to be employed. Conclusions Regardless the obturation technique, calcium hydroxide dressing reduced the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals. Clinical significance The persistence of calcium hydroxide residues reduces the penetration of filling material in simulated lateral canals, possibly representing a potential cause of failure in the future. 1